IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/unu/wpaper/wp-2025-81.html

Digitalisation and the politics of tax in low-income states

Author

Listed:
  • Alex Yeandle

Abstract

The digitalization of low-income economies has made it easier for governments to collect tax, yet many still fail to raise adequate revenues. Why would policy makers in urgent need of resources not fully leverage these new tools? I argue that governments remain constrained by public opinion: digital taxes are perceived as unfair, unaccountable, and lacking tangible benefit among the large groups of voters they affect. As a result public support for digital taxes depends heavily on how they are designed.

Suggested Citation

  • Alex Yeandle, 2025. "Digitalisation and the politics of tax in low-income states," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2025-81, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
  • Handle: RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2025-81
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/Publications/Working-paper/PDF/wp2025-81-digitalization-politics-tax-low-income-states.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Abdoul-Akim Wandaogo & Fayçal Sawadogo & Jesse Lastunen, 2022. "Does the adoption of peer-to-government mobile payments improve tax revenue mobilization in developing countries?," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2022-18, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    2. Marco Manacorda & Andrea Tesei, 2020. "Liberation Technology: Mobile Phones and Political Mobilization in Africa," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 88(2), pages 533-567, March.
    3. Daron Acemoglu & Jacob Moscona & James A. Robinson, 2016. "State Capacity and American Technology: Evidence from the 19th Century," NBER Working Papers 21932, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    4. Raj Chetty & Adam Looney & Kory Kroft, 2009. "Salience and Taxation: Theory and Evidence," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 99(4), pages 1145-1177, September.
    5. Kasara, Kimuli, 2007. "Tax Me If You Can: Ethnic Geography, Democracy, and the Taxation of Agriculture in Africa," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 101(1), pages 159-172, February.
    6. repec:cup:bjposi:v:55:y:2025:i::p:-_42 is not listed on IDEAS
    7. Hjort, Jonas & Tian, Lin, 2025. "The economic impact of internet connectivity in developing countries," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 129143, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    8. Timothy Besley & Torsten Persson, 2014. "Why Do Developing Countries Tax So Little?," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 28(4), pages 99-120, Fall.
    9. Caryn Peiffer & Richard Rose, 2018. "Why Are the Poor More Vulnerable to Bribery in Africa? The Institutional Effects of Services," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 54(1), pages 18-29, January.
    10. Jonathan L Weigel, 2020. "The Participation Dividend of Taxation: How Citizens in Congo Engage More with the State When it Tries to Tax Them," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 135(4), pages 1849-1903.
    11. Jonathan L. Weigel & Elie Kabue Ngindu, 2023. "The taxman cometh: Pathways out of a low‐capacity trap in the Democratic Republic of the Congo," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 90(360), pages 1362-1396, October.
    12. Weigel, Jonathan, 2020. "The participation dividend of taxation: how citizens in Congo engage more with the state when it tries to tax them," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 104561, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    13. Raúl Sánchez de la Sierra, 2020. "On the Origins of the State: Stationary Bandits and Taxation in Eastern Congo," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 128(1), pages 32-74.
    14. Meltzer, Allan H & Richard, Scott F, 1981. "A Rational Theory of the Size of Government," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 89(5), pages 914-927, October.
    15. Philip Mader & Maren Duvendack & Keir Macdonald, 2022. "Fintech and tax in Sub-Saharan Africa: taxation versus financial inclusion," Journal of Cultural Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(4), pages 488-507, July.
    16. Daron Acemoglu & Jacob Moscona & James A. Robinson, 2016. "State Capacity and American Technology: Evidence from the Nineteenth Century," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 106(5), pages 61-67, May.
    17. Riley, Emma, 2018. "Mobile money and risk sharing against village shocks," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 43-58.
    18. Seim, Brigitte & Robinson, Amanda Lea, 2020. "Coethnicity and Corruption: Field Experimental Evidence from Public Officials in Malawi," Journal of Experimental Political Science, Cambridge University Press, vol. 7(1), pages 61-66, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yeandle, Alex & Doyle, David, 2026. "Mobile money and the social contract: experimental evidence from Ghana," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 140135, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    2. Esteban Muñoz-Sobrado & Amedeo Piolatto & Antoine Zerbini & Federica Braccioli, 2024. "The taxing challenges of the state: Unveiling the role of fiscal & administrative capacity in development," Working Papers 2024/05, Institut d'Economia de Barcelona (IEB).
    3. Alessandro Belmonte & Desiree Teobaldelli & Davide Ticchi, 2024. "Expected foreign military intervention and demand for state-building: evidence from Mali," Working Papers 493, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche (I), Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche e Sociali.
    4. López García, Ana Isabel & Berens, Sarah, 2025. "Taxing the wealthy in Haiti: Evidence from a conjoint experiment on property tax preferences," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    5. Laura Mayoral & Hannes Mueller, 2025. "Rents, rules, or revolution: A survey of institutional pathways to peace," Economic Policy, CEPR, CESifo, Sciences Po;CES;MSH, vol. 40(123), pages 721-759.
    6. Blumenstock, Joshua & Callen, Michael & Faikina, Anastasiia & Fiorin, Stefano & Ghani, Tarek, 2023. "Strengthening Fragile States: Evidence from Mobile Salary Payments in Afghanistan," CEPR Discussion Papers 18254, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
    7. Guo, Jingyuan & Deng, Kent, 2024. "Laying off old guards to rebuild state capacity: Deng Xiaoping’s bloodless coup d’etat in post-Mao China, 1980-2000," Economic History Working Papers 126083, London School of Economics and Political Science, Department of Economic History.
    8. repec:ehl:lserod:126083 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. Okunogbe, Oyebola M. & Tourek,Gabriel, 2023. "How Can Lower-Income Countries Collect More Taxes ? The Role of Technology, Tax Agents, and Politics," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10655, The World Bank.
    10. Leopoldo Fergusson & Carlos A. Molina & James A. Robinson, 2022. "The Weak State Trap," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 89(354), pages 293-331, April.
    11. Cédric Chambru & Emeric Henry & Benjamin Marx, 2024. "The Dynamic Consequences of State Building: Evidence from the French Revolution," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 114(11), pages 3578-3622, November.
    12. Deininger, Klaus & Ali, Daniel Ayalew & Bukin, Eduard & Martyn, Andrii, 2026. "Reforming land valuation and taxation in Ukraine: A path towards greater sustainability, fairness, and transparency," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    13. Leopoldo Fergusson & Horacio Larreguy & Juan Felipe Riaño, 2022. "Political Competition and State Capacity: Evidence from a Land Allocation Program in Mexico," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 132(648), pages 2815-2834.
    14. Raymundo M. Campos-Vazquez & Samuel D. Restrepo-Oyola, 2025. "A randomized intervention to gauge preferred tax rates and progressivity," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 32(3), pages 782-804, June.
    15. Deininger, Klaus W. & Ali, Daniel Ayalew & Bukin, Eduard & Martyn, Andrii, 2024. "Reforming Land Valuation and Taxation in Ukraine : A Path towards greater Sustainability Fairness, and Transparency," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10998, The World Bank.
    16. Chen, Kejing & Guo, Wenqi & Jiang, Lin & Xiong, Xiong & Yang, Mo, 2022. "Does time-space compression affect analyst forecast performance?," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    17. Tanner Regan & Priya Manwaring, 2023. "Public Disclosure and Tax Compliance: Evidence from Uganda," Working Papers 2023-04, The George Washington University, Institute for International Economic Policy.
    18. Augustin Bergeron & Gabriel Tourek & Jonathan L. Weigel, 2024. "The State Capacity Ceiling on Tax Rates: Evidence From Randomized Tax Abatements in the DRC," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 92(4), pages 1163-1193, July.
    19. Andrea Arroyo Petro & Vincenzo Bove & Jessica Di Salvatore & Roberto Nisticò, 2025. "The legacy of rebel taxation on post-conflict fiscal capacity," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2025-69, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    20. Klaus W. Deininger & Thea Hilhorst & Zevenbergen,Jaap & Nkurunziza,Emmanuel, 2025. "Capitalizing on Digital Transformation to Enhance the Effectiveness of Property Institutions : Conceptual Background and Evidence from 85 Countries," Policy Research Working Paper Series 11100, The World Bank.
    21. Yu Hao & Kevin Zhengcheng Liu, 2020. "Taxation, fiscal capacity, and credible commitment in eighteenth‐century China: the effects of the formalization and centralization of informal surtaxes," Economic History Review, Economic History Society, vol. 73(4), pages 914-939, November.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2025-81. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Siméon Rapin (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/widerfi.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.