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La qualité des institutions influence-t-elle la performance économique? Le cas des télécommunications dans les pays en voie de développement

Author

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  • Belaid, Rabah
  • Gasmi, Farid
  • Recuero Virto, Laura

Abstract

De nombreuses études récentes ont montré que la qualité des institutions d’un pays est un facteur explicatif important de son développement économique. Des études empiriques ont mis en évidence une relation positive entre la qualité des institutions et la performance des politiques de réforme engagées dans certains secteurs clés des économies des pays en voie de développement. Le présent article se propose d’explorer cette relation pour le cas des télécommunications, un secteur parmi les industries d’infrastructure qui a connu de par le monde les changements structurels les plus profonds. Plus précisément, nous nous interrogeons sur la robustesse de cette relation aux différences de revenus qui existent au sein même des pays en voie de développement. Nous spécifions un modèle économétrique pour une base de données, couvrant la période 1985-1999, sur un échantillon de 32 pays en voie de développement que nous décomposons en deux panels selon le PIB par tête. Cette décomposition est effectuée dans le but de tester l’existence d’un seuil de revenu au-dessous duquel, une fois pris en compte l’effet des variables de réforme, notamment la libéralisation des marchés et la privatisation de l’opérateur historique, la qualité des institutions ne joue qu’un rôle marginal. Les résultats montrent qu’au contraire, l’impact de la qualité des institutions sur les performances de l’industrie est davantage perceptible dans les pays à faible PIB par tête. Ainsi, au sein même des pays en voie de développement, l’effet marginal d’un investissement consenti pour l’amélioration de la qualité des institutions est plus élevé dans les pays à plus faibles revenus. Ce résultat est en accord avec la tendance récente des bailleurs de fonds internationaux à soutenir des politiques d’aide économique de long terme privilégiant le renforcement des institutions dans les pays les moins développés.

Suggested Citation

  • Belaid, Rabah & Gasmi, Farid & Recuero Virto, Laura, 2009. "La qualité des institutions influence-t-elle la performance économique? Le cas des télécommunications dans les pays en voie de développement," TSE Working Papers 09-089, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
  • Handle: RePEc:tse:wpaper:22196
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    References listed on IDEAS

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