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Promouvoir la croissance en Europe : vérités et mystifications

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  • Jean-Luc Gaffard

    (Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques)

Abstract

Le rapport pour la Commission européenne « An Agenda for a Growing Europe, Making the EU Economic System Deliver » propose un diagnostic de la situation européenne qui repose sur la distinction entre deux régimes technologiques, l’un fondé sur l’imitation, l’autre sur l’innovation. L’un et l’autre sont censés requérir des institutions différentes pour permettre une croissance forte et stable. Le premier caractériserait des pays en phase de rattrapage et exigerait des arrangements de long terme entre les différents acteurs. Le second caractériserait des pays à la frontière du développement technologique et exigerait des institutions et des règles garantissant concurrence, flexibilité et sélection. Dans ce contexte, le blocage institutionnel dont souffrirait la plupart des pays de l’Union européenne aurait une double conséquence. Il expliquerait leur faible croissance et leur taux de chômage élevé. Il expliquerait, en outre, les conflits entre objectifs de croissance, de stabilité et de cohésion. Seules des réformes structurelles des marchés et du budget européen et la constitution d’autorités indépendantes en charge, chacune, d’un objectif unique, permettraient de constituer le système requis, fondé sur une dé-intégration des firmes, une plus grande mobilité dans et entre les firmes, une plus grande flexibilité des marchés de travail, un financement plus important par actions, un investissement plus élevé en R&D et en éducation. [Premier paragraphe]

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  • Jean-Luc Gaffard, 2003. "Promouvoir la croissance en Europe : vérités et mystifications," Sciences Po publications info:hdl:2441/6490, Sciences Po.
  • Handle: RePEc:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/6490
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sapir, Andre & Aghion, Philippe & Bertola, Giuseppe & Hellwig, Martin & Pisani-Ferry, Jean & Rosati, Dariusz & Vinals, Jose & Wallace, Helen, 2004. "An Agenda for a Growing Europe: The Sapir Report," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780199271498.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jacques Le Cacheux & Henri Sterdyniak, 2003. "Comment améliorer les performances économiques de l'Europe ?," Revue de l'OFCE, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 87(4), pages 227-253.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Situation européenne; Croissance;

    JEL classification:

    • E2 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment
    • E3 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles
    • L16 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics; Macroeconomic Industrial Structure
    • O1 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development
    • O3 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights

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