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Saneamiento Básico, Pobreza e Inversión

Author

Listed:
  • Millares Ardaya, Edgar

    (IISEC, Universidad Católica Boliviana)

  • Rojas Farfán, Fernando

    (IISEC, Universidad Católica Boliviana)

Abstract

Uno de los sectores más favorecidos por la inversión pública, en el periodo, 1995-2001 ha sido saneamiento básico. Los volúmenes invertidos y el número de sistemas instalados permitieron un notable incremento de la cobertura en este servicio básico en el área rural y urbana del país. La importancia de este incremento se ha visto reflejada en la mejora de los indicadores básicos sociales y la reducción de la pobreza, tanto en el área rural como en el área urbana, evidenciada en el censo 2001. Existen, sin embargo, evidencias de que no se han efectuado las previsiones necesarias para el mantenimiento de los sistemas y que, sin medidas de política de inversión y educación, muchos de los sistemas instalados quedarán obsoletos y sin funcionamiento en el corto plazo. Por ello, se introduce la noción de inversión recurrente y su importancia como política de transición, que permite el desarrollo del uso del agua. La inversión recurrente es la inversión destinada a la operación y mantenimiento de los sistemas instalados. La inversión recurrente permite la instalación de sistemas de agua potable y alcantarillado, en regiones de extrema pobreza. En efecto, en municipios y mancomunidades cuya población tiene niveles de ingreso bajos y, por ende, la capacidad de pago de la población beneficiada cubre, apenas, la administración del sistema, el apoyo de la inversión recurrente viabiliza y permite la instalación de sistemas de agua potable y alcantarillado. En otras palabras, la inversión recurrente es un subsidio indirecto a las tarifas y permite la penetración de los sistemas de alcantarillado y agua potable, mientras se realice la tarea de desarrollo comunitario. Este periodo de apoyo y sostén a los sistemas nuevos, instalados en regiones de extrema pobreza, es sumamente importante debido a que, el lapso de tiempo necesario para generar un uso y costumbre del agua y el alcantarillado es largo y requiere un soporte eficiente de desarrollo comunitario. Una vez transcurrido este periodo de “inserción” del uso del sistema en las costumbres de los beneficiarios, el sistema se torna auto sostenible, debido a que los mismos usuarios estarán dispuestos a realizar un esfuerzo económico y utilizar un margen superior de su ahorro, para destinarlo al pago de las tarifas. En este trabajo, se demuestra el valor de la inversión recurrente y el impacto que tiene en el ahorro futuro, considerando que esta inversión impide la caída del sistema y, por ende, la realización de una nueva inversión para reponerlo.

Suggested Citation

  • Millares Ardaya, Edgar & Rojas Farfán, Fernando, 2002. "Saneamiento Básico, Pobreza e Inversión," Documentos de trabajo 8/2002, Instituto de Investigaciones Socio-Económicas (IISEC), Universidad Católica Boliviana.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:iisecd:2002_008
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Davidson, Russell & MacKinnon, James G., 1993. "Estimation and Inference in Econometrics," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780195060119, Decembrie.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    saneamiento básico; servicios básicos; pobreza; Bolivia;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Z00 - Other Special Topics - - General - - - General

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