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Derecho a la salud, cáncer y política fiscal en el Perú

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  • Pedro Francke

    (Departamento de Economía de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú)

Abstract

El Perú registra grandes desigualdades sociales y un bajo gasto público en salud. Ha avanzado en enfermedades trasmisibles y salud materno-infantil, pero las no trasmisibles hoy constituyen tres quintas partes de la carga de enfermedad y hay 45 mil nuevos casos de cáncer al año. La baja inversión social y centralización de la atención del cáncer discriminan contra los indígenas. Un tercio de limeñas ha hecho mamografía en los últimos 2 años pero apenas 4% en zonas rurales. La cobertura del Papanicolaou, un examen preventivo básico, llega solo a 50% en sierra y selva. En Lima se concentran casi tres de cada cuatro de los especialistas y hay un alto costo del tratamiento. Habiendo gozado el Perú del boom de las materias primas, el Estado ha actuado de manera tardía e insuficiente ante el cáncer. Recién a partir de 2012, luego de 8 años de auge fiscal, se estableció un programa público de prevención y control. El cáncer da cuenta del 18% de las muertes en el Perú, pero menos del 6% presupuesto en salud, apenas 0,12% del PBI. Mientras entre 2008 y 2012 la recaudación tributaria aumentó de USD 13 mil a 26 mil millones anuales, en 2012 el programa contra el cáncer solo recibía 130 millones anuales. Desde el 2014 la recaudación tributaria ha caído y el gobierno ha frenado el gasto en salud y en especial en cáncer, que ha registrado reducciones presupuestales el 2016 y 2017. JEL Classification-JEL: H51, I14, I18. Keywords: Salud, Política Fiscal, Derechos sociales, Políticas Públicas

Suggested Citation

  • Pedro Francke, 2018. "Derecho a la salud, cáncer y política fiscal en el Perú," Documentos de Trabajo / Working Papers 2018-449, Departamento de Economía - Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú.
    • Handle: RePEc:pcp:pucwps:wp00449
    DOI: 10.18800/2079-8474.0449
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bernal, Noelia & Carpio, Miguel A. & Klein, Tobias J., 2017. "The effects of access to health insurance: Evidence from a regression discontinuity design in Peru," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 122-136.
    2. Waldo Mendoza Bellido, 2013. "Milagro peruano: ¿buena suerte o buenas políticas?," Revista Economía, Fondo Editorial - Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, vol. 36(72), pages 35-90.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    salud; política fiscal; derechos sociales; políticas públicas;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H51 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Government Expenditures and Health
    • I14 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health and Inequality
    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health

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