IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/osf/osfxxx/mvz8t.html

The Application Of Social Exchange Theory By Entrepreneurs Leading Small Businesses In Appalachia

Author

Listed:
  • Stone, Billy

    (West Virginia University at Parkersburg)

Abstract

Entrepreneurs are the backbone of the U.S. economy and their small businesses represent the primary job source for American workers. Research exists on small business at a national and an international scale but a limited amount of region specific information exists in the literature. The purpose of the research is to explore the relationship between social capital and the failure or success of entrepreneurs who own businesses in Beckley, West Virginia, a small Appalachian town. The theoretical framework for this study is social exchange theory. This qualitative study used interpretive phenomenological analysis as the chosen research design because of the capability to query their lived experiences. The purposive sampling method was used. The twelve participants were divided into two groups consisting of failed businesses and successful businesses. The successful business has existed for more than five years. The failed business opened within the past five years but has closed. The answers provided by the participants addressed the problem of the high fail rate of small businesses in Appalachia. The findings of the study are important because the application of social exchanges by entrepreneurs was shown to increase the longevity of small businesses.

Suggested Citation

  • Stone, Billy, 2019. "The Application Of Social Exchange Theory By Entrepreneurs Leading Small Businesses In Appalachia," OSF Preprints mvz8t, Center for Open Science.
    • Handle: RePEc:osf:osfxxx:mvz8t
    DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/mvz8t
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://osf.io/download/63cae2fed1a7b7029b642897/
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.31219/osf.io/mvz8t?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Michael H. Morris & Justin W. Webb & Jun Fu & Sujata Singhal, 2013. "A Competency‐Based Perspective on Entrepreneurship Education: Conceptual and Empirical Insights," Journal of Small Business Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 51(3), pages 352-369, July.
    2. Brent Parton & Alexandria Valerio & Alicia Robb, 2014. "Entrepreneurship Education and Training Programs around the World : Dimensions for Success," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 18031, April.
    3. Ruta Aidis, 2005. "Institutional Barriers to Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprise Operations in Transition Countries," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 25(4), pages 305-317, November.
    4. David Neumark & Brandon Wall & Junfu Zhang, 2008. "Do Small Businesses Create More Jobs? New Evidence from the National Establishment Time Series," NBER Working Papers 13818, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    5. Robert Kolodinsky & Robert Giacalone & Carole Jurkiewicz, 2008. "Workplace Values and Outcomes: Exploring Personal, Organizational, and Interactive Workplace Spirituality," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 81(2), pages 465-480, August.
    6. George Gotsis & Zoi Kortezi, 2008. "Philosophical Foundations of Workplace Spirituality: A Critical Approach," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 78(4), pages 575-600, April.
    7. Manu Gupta & Vinod Kumar & Mandeep Singh, 2014. "Creating Satisfied Employees Through Workplace Spirituality: A Study of the Private Insurance Sector in Punjab (India)," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 122(1), pages 79-88, June.
    8. David Neumark & Brandon Wall & Junfu Zhang, 2011. "Do Small Businesses Create More Jobs? New Evidence for the United States from the National Establishment Time Series," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 93(1), pages 16-29, August.
    9. Watson M. Ladzani & Jurie J. Van vuuren, 2002. "Entrepreneurship Training for Emerging SMEs in South Africa," Journal of Small Business Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(2), pages 154-161, April.
    10. Wennekers, Sander & Thurik, Roy, 1999. "Linking Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 13(1), pages 27-55, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. repec:osf:osfxxx:mvz8t_v1 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Sai Bhargavi Vedula & Rakesh Kumar Agrawal, 2024. "Mapping Spiritual Leadership: A Bibliometric Analysis and Synthesis of Past Milestones and Future Research Agenda," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 189(2), pages 301-328, January.
    3. Won-Moo Hur & Tae-Won Moon & Hanna Kim, 2020. "When does customer CSR perception lead to customer extra-role behaviors? The roles of customer spirituality and emotional brand attachment," Journal of Brand Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 27(4), pages 421-437, July.
    4. Suchuan Zhang, 2020. "Workplace Spirituality and Unethical Pro-organizational Behavior: The Mediating Effect of Job Satisfaction," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 161(3), pages 687-705, January.
    5. Ikhwan & Achmad Sudiro & Noermijati & Mintarti Rahayu, 2017. "Examining the Link between Spiritual Values at Work, Learning Orientation, Human Resources Practices and Organizational Health: An Indonesia Case Study," International Review of Management and Marketing, Econjournals, vol. 7(3), pages 17-24.
    6. William Gale & Samuel Brown, 2013. "Small Business, Innovation, and Tax Policy: A Review," National Tax Journal, National Tax Association;National Tax Journal, vol. 66(4), pages 871-892, December.
    7. Denis Fougère & Golfier, C. & Guillaume Horny & Elisabeth Kremp, 2013. "What has been the impact of the 2008 crisis on firms default? (in French)," Working papers 463, Banque de France.
    8. Aghion, Philippe & Akcigit, Ufuk & Howitt, Peter, 2014. "What Do We Learn From Schumpeterian Growth Theory?," Handbook of Economic Growth, in: Philippe Aghion & Steven Durlauf (ed.), Handbook of Economic Growth, edition 1, volume 2, chapter 0, pages 515-563, Elsevier.
    9. Aparicio, Sebastian & Urbano, David & Audretsch, David, 2016. "Institutional factors, opportunity entrepreneurship and economic growth: Panel data evidence," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 45-61.
    10. Bögenhold, Dieter & Fachinger, Uwe, 2012. "Unternehmertum: Unterschiedliche Facetten selbstständiger Berufstätigkeit [Entrepreneurship: Diverse aspects of self-employment]," MPRA Paper 51459, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Falilou Fall & Christine Lewis, 2017. "Fostering Productivity for Income Convergence in the Czech Republic," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1362, OECD Publishing.
    12. Márton Gosztonyi & Csákné Filep Judit, 2022. "Profiling (Non-)Nascent Entrepreneurs in Hungary Based on Machine Learning Approaches," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-20, March.
    13. Andrew Kerr & Martin Wittenberg & Jairo Arrow, 2014. "Job Creation and Destruction in South Africa," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 82(1), pages 1-18, March.
    14. Laura Dal Corso & Alessandro De Carlo & Francesca Carluccio & Daiana Colledani & Alessandra Falco, 2020. "Employee burnout and positive dimensions of well-being: A latent workplace spirituality profile analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(11), pages 1-17, November.
    15. World Bank, 2010. "Scaling-Up SME Access to Financial Services," World Bank Publications - Reports 12515, The World Bank Group.
    16. Maria Figueroa-Armijos & John P. Berns, 2022. "Vulnerable Populations and Individual Social Responsibility in Prosocial Crowdfunding: Does the Framing Matter for Female and Rural Entrepreneurs?," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 177(2), pages 377-394, May.
    17. Barinova, Vera (Баринова, Вера) & Zemtsov, Stepan (Земцов, Степан) & Tsareva, Yulia (Царева, Юлия), 2018. "Review of Empirical Studies of Factors of Entrepreneurial Activity [Обзор Эмпирических Исследований Факторов Предпринимательской Активности]," Working Papers 031830, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration.
    18. Haunschild, Ljuba & May-Strobl, Eva, 2009. "Arbeitsplatzdynamik und nachhaltige Beschäftigungswirkungen in kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen: Eine empirische Untersuchung auf Basis des Umsatzsteuerpanels für die Jahre 2001 bis 2005," Working Papers 06/09, Institut für Mittelstandsforschung (IfM) Bonn.
    19. Raja Muhamad Yusof & Nek Kamal Yeop Yunus & Ahmad Amri Zainal Adnan, 2019. "Examining Moderating Effect of Industrial Relations Climate on Workplace Spirituality and Counterproductive Work Behaviour," International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, Human Resource Management Academic Research Society, International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, vol. 9(3), pages 353-363, July.
    20. Marco Corsino & Roberto Gabriele & Sandro Trento, 2010. "Job flows in Italian SMEs: a longitudinal analysis of growth, size and age," DISA Working Papers 1008, Department of Computer and Management Sciences, University of Trento, Italy, revised 22 Dec 2010.
    21. C. S. Sharma & Nitika Sharma, 2017. "Relationship between Consumers’ Spirituality and Green Purchasing Intentions: The Mediation Effect of Perceived Consumer Effectiveness," IIM Kozhikode Society & Management Review, , vol. 6(2), pages 204-214, July.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:osf:osfxxx:mvz8t. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: OSF (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://osf.io/preprints/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.