A scoping review of the design and characteristics of e-bike financial incentives

E-bikes are recognized as a sustainable mode of transportation with an unmet potential for widespread adoption. However, despite a decade of global implementation, research gaps persist regarding the design and characteristics of incentive programs for e-bikes. This review examines different design elements of implemented financial incentive programs for e-bike uptake in OECD countries. The findings reveal three main components common to these schemes: (1) target cohort, with the majority of programs focusing on the local population; (2) eligible e-bike types, with regular e-bikes being the most frequently chosen; and (3) financial incentive structures aimed at maximizing uptake among the target cohort, with post-purchase rebates being the most prevalent. Another significant aspect identified is the allocation process, predominantly following a "first come, first served" structure. However, prioritizing project goals and promoting equity is recommended for optimal program design. The array of structures and designs in these schemes highlights challenges in determining optimal designs, constrained by limited evidence informing transport policies. This review synthesizes global insights on designing financial incentive schemes to boost e-bike uptake, providing a comprehensive guide for policy making and program administrators in designing executive programs.