The Risk of Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenditure at End of Life
There is conflicting evidence on the importance of out-of-pocket medical expenditures as a risk to financial security, particularly at older ages. We revisit this question, focusing on health care spending near the end of life using data from the Health and Retirement Study for the years 1998-2006. We address difficulties with missing values for various categories of expenditures, outliers, and variations across individuals in the length of the reporting period. Spending in the last year of life is estimated to be $11,618 on average, with the 90th percentile equal to $29,335, the 95th percentile $49,907, and the 99th equal to $94,310. These spending measures represent a substantial fraction of liquid wealth for decedents. Total out-of-pocket expenditures are strongly positively related to wealth and weakly related to income. We find evidence for a mechanism by which wealth could plausibly buy health: large expenditures on home modifications, helpers, home health care, and higher-quality nursing homes, which have been shown elsewhere to improve longevity.
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| Length: | |
| Date of creation: | Jul 2010 |
| Date of revision: | |
| Publication status: | published as The Risk of Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenditure at the End of Life , Samuel Marshall, Kathleen McGarry, Jonathan S. Skinner. in Explorations in the Economics of Aging , Wise. 2011 |
| Handle: | RePEc:nbr:nberwo:16170 |
| Note: | AG HC |
| Contact details of provider: | Postal: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A. Phone: 617-868-3900 Web page: http://www.nber.org Email: More information through EDIRC
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References listed on IDEAS
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