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Why Do Couples and Singles Save during Retirement? Household Heterogeneity and Its Aggregate Implications

Author

Listed:
  • Mariacristina De Nardi
  • Eric French
  • John Bailey Jones
  • Rory McGee

Abstract

We estimate a model of savings for retired couples and singles who face longevity and medical expense risks and in which couples can leave bequests both when the first spouse dies and when the last spouse dies. We show that saving motives vary by marital status, permanent income, and age. We find that most households save more for medical expenses than for bequests but that richer households and couples, who hold most of the wealth, save more for bequests. As a result, bequest motives are a key determinant of aggregate retirement wealth.

Suggested Citation

  • Mariacristina De Nardi & Eric French & John Bailey Jones & Rory McGee, 2025. "Why Do Couples and Singles Save during Retirement? Household Heterogeneity and Its Aggregate Implications," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 133(3), pages 750-792.
    • Handle: RePEc:ucp:jpolec:doi:10.1086/733421
    DOI: 10.1086/733421
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    Cited by:

    1. Kárpáti, D.;, 2022. "Household Finance and Life-Cycle Economic Decisions under the Shadow of Cancer," Health, Econometrics and Data Group (HEDG) Working Papers 22/16, HEDG, c/o Department of Economics, University of York.
    2. Advani, Arun & Summers, Andy, 2022. "Measuring and taxing top incomes and wealth," The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS) 1403, University of Warwick, Department of Economics.
    3. Philippe De Donder & Marie‐Louise Leroux, 2021. "Long term care insurance with state‐dependent preferences," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(12), pages 3074-3086, December.
    4. Siha Lee & Kegon Teng Kok Tan, 2023. "Bequest Motives and the Social Security Notch," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 51, pages 888-914, December.
    5. Auclert, Adrien & Malmberg, Hannes & Martenet, Frederic & Rognlie, Matthew, 2021. "Demographics, Wealth, and Global Imbalances in the Twenty-First Century," CEPR Discussion Papers 16470, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    6. Gobbi, Paula Eugenia & Baudin, Thomas & De Rock, Bram, 2021. "Economics and family structures," CEPR Discussion Papers 16516, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    7. Neha Bairoliya & Areendam Chanda & Jingyi Fang & Fang Yang, 2025. "Household Consumption and Savings over the Life Cycle: The Roles of Demographics and Durables," Working Papers 2537, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.
    8. Taiyo Fukai & Hidehiko Ichimura & Sagiri Kitao & Minamo Mikoshiba, 2025. "Medical expenditures over the life-cycle: persistent risks and insurance," The Japanese Economic Review, Springer, vol. 76(2), pages 285-336, April.
    9. Pashchenko, Svetlana & Porapakkarm, Ponpoje, 2020. "Saving Motives over the Life-Cycle," MPRA Paper 100208, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Aleksandra Kolasa, 2022. "The long-term impact of quasi-universal transfers to older households," Working Papers 2022-28, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw.
    11. Minamo MIKOSHIBA, 2025. "Universal Insurance with In-kind Transfers: The welfare effects of long-term care insurance in Japan," Discussion papers 25030, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    12. Etgeton, Stefan & Fischer, Björn & Ye, Han, 2023. "The effect of increasing retirement age on households’ savings and consumption expenditure," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 221, pages 1-37.
    13. van der Vaart, J & Groneck, M & van Ooijen, R, 2024. "Health Inequalities and the Progressivity of Old-Age Social Insurance Programs," Health, Econometrics and Data Group (HEDG) Working Papers 24/20, HEDG, c/o Department of Economics, University of York.
    14. Margherita Borella & Mariacristina De Nardi & Fang Yang & Johanna P. Torres Chain, 2025. "Why Do Households Save and Work?," NBER Working Papers 33874, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    15. Giulio Fella & Martin B. Holm & Thomas Michael Pugh, 2024. "Saving after Retirement and Preferences for Residual Wealth," Staff Working Papers 24-21, Bank of Canada.
    16. Fahle, Sean, 2025. "What do bequests in married couples with a surviving spouse tell us about bequest motives?," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 244(C).
    17. Fonseca, Raquel & Moro-Egido, Ana I. & Morin, Hugo, 2024. "Stress and retirement," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • D1 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior
    • D12 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
    • D15 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Intertemporal Household Choice; Life Cycle Models and Saving
    • E21 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Consumption; Saving; Wealth

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