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Incorporating ‘Class’ into Work-Family Arrangements: Insights from and for Three Worlds

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  • Jennifer Hook

Abstract

In response to feminist critics, Esping-Andersen (1999) added family to the state-market nexus by examining the degree of familialism across regimes. In the absence of the state de-familializing care, however, it is difficult to predict work-family arrangements without reference to the overall level of inequality and a family’s social location within it. Thus, levels of familialism interact with levels of economic inequality. I build on existing categorizations of how two-parent families combine work and care in European countries by adding an explicit consideration of how these patterns vary within countries by education. I utilize hierarchical clustering with data for 16 countries (2004-2010) from the Luxembourg Income Study and the European Social Survey. In some respects, refining country averages by education lends greater support to the tenets of Three Worlds, but also reveals a Southern European pattern distinguished by inequality in work-family arrangements more characteristic of liberal regimes. Findings also illustrate how countries that polarize between dual full-time and male breadwinner families largely polarize by education.

Suggested Citation

  • Jennifer Hook, 2015. "Incorporating ‘Class’ into Work-Family Arrangements: Insights from and for Three Worlds," LIS Working papers 639, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
  • Handle: RePEc:lis:liswps:639
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    5. Claus Wendt & Monika Mischke & Michaela Pfeifer, 2011. "Welfare States and Public Opinion," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 13721, March.
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    2. Yue Qian & Yang Hu, 2021. "Couples' changing work patterns in the United Kingdom and the United States during the COVID‐19 pandemic," Gender, Work and Organization, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(S2), pages 535-553, July.
    3. Jaok Kwon, 2023. "Skilled Migrants and Their Encounters with Care and Employment Regimes: Childcaring among Highly Skilled Female Migrants from Korea in Germany," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-16, August.
    4. Giulia M. Dotti Sani, 2022. "The Intrinsic Value of Childcare: Positive Returns of Childcare Time on Parents’ Well-Being and Life Satisfaction in Italy," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 23(5), pages 1901-1921, June.
    5. Isabel Távora & Paula Rodríguez‐Modroño, 2018. "The impact of the crisis and austerity on low educated working women: The cases of Spain and Portugal," Gender, Work and Organization, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(6), pages 621-636, November.
    6. Kaitlin Alper, 2019. "Income, Familialism and Women’s Economic Independence," LIS Working papers 766, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.

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