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Estimation of the Brazilian Consumer Demand System

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  • Seki Asano
  • Ana Luiza N. H. Barbosa
  • Eduardo P. S. Fiuza

Abstract

In this study we estimate the Brazilian consumer demand system through family expenditure data, which cover all consumption categories. The model is estimated from family-level expenditures on seven consumption categories, and a new set of regional cost-of-living indexes. The sources for expenditures are the national expenditure surveys conducted in 1986/87 and 1995/96, which collected data from 11 metropolitan areas. Corresponding price indexes were constructed from detailed commodity prices, also from each metropolitan area. The salient features of our study are: a) price variations come from both time and regional differences, which allows us to estimate price elasticities with high precision; b) we have large variations in income (total expenditures) which is rarely available in aggregated data; and c) we can control for time specific factors by exploiting the panel structure of the data set. Contrary to the rule of thumb in empirical studies of demand systems, the estimation results display consistency with demand theory, and elasticity estimates are close to economic common sense. The estimated system will serve as a microeconomic basis for evaluating various policy-related issues. Neste estudo, estimamos o sistema de demanda de consumo brasileiro através de dados de dispêndios das famílias, que cobrem todas as categorias de consumo, e de um novo conjunto de índices regionais de custo de vida. As fontes de dados de dispêndios são as duas Pesquisas de Orçamentos Familiares (POF) do IBGE, realizadas em 1986/87 e 1995/96, que coletaram dados das nove áreas metropolitanas, Distrito Federal e município de Goiânia, e que serviram de base para as atualizações do Sistema Nacional de Índices de Preços ao Consumidor. Os índices de preços correspondentes foram construídos a partir de preços detalhados de bens e serviços, tornados públicos pelo IBGE para cada uma das regiões pesquisadas. Até onde sabemos, este é o primeiro estudo desse gênero com base nas POFs. O trabalho destaca-se da literatura existente por: a) contar com variações de preços tanto ao longo do tempo como entre regiões, o que nos permite estimar elasticidades de preços com alta precisão; b) observar grandes variações na renda (dispêndio total), o que é raramente disponível em dados agregados; e c) poder usar controles para fatores específicos de tempo, explorando a estrutura de painel do banco de dados. Ao contrário do que costuma acontecer em estudos empíricos de sistemas de demanda, os resultados da estimação mostram consistência com a teoria da demanda, e as elasticidades estimadas são próximas ao esperado pelo senso econômico comum. O sistema estimado servirá como base microeconômica para avaliar várias questões relacionadas à política econômica.

Suggested Citation

  • Seki Asano & Ana Luiza N. H. Barbosa & Eduardo P. S. Fiuza, 2015. "Estimation of the Brazilian Consumer Demand System," Discussion Papers 0099, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:0099
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    References listed on IDEAS

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