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Conglomerados y ventaja comparativa: implicaciones para la política industrial

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  • Andrés Rodríguez-Clare

Abstract

(Disponible en idioma inglés únicamente) Los conglomerados industriales surgen en presencia de externalidades propias de actividades específicas y de las características locales, lo que también se conoce como `externalidades de Marshall`. El argumento habitual es que tales externalidades pueden justificar una política de protección a industrias incipientes, para permitir y alentar el surgimiento de conglomerados. En este trabajo se analiza ese argumento y se muestra que pueden surgir implicaciones de políticas distintas si se aplica un modelo de conglomerados más apegado a la realidad. En particular, en vez de distorsionar los precios para promover la formación de conglomerados en actividades `avanzadas` con grandes posibilidades de formación de conglomerados, convendría más bien que los países se concentraran en promover la formación de conglomerados en sectores ya existentes y que hayan demostrado los mayores niveles de ventaja comparativa. La sustitución de importaciones no es una forma adecuada de alcanzar ese objetivo.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrés Rodríguez-Clare, 2005. "Conglomerados y ventaja comparativa: implicaciones para la política industrial," Research Department Publications 4392, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
    • Handle: RePEc:idb:wpaper:4392
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