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Sociocultural Integration in Mergers and Acquisitions: Unresolved Paradoxes and Directions for Future Research

Author

Listed:
  • Günter K. Stahl
  • Duncan N. Angwin
  • Philippe Very

    (Hellebore Capital Management)

  • Emanuel Gomes
  • Yaakov Weber
  • Shlomo Yedidia Tarba
  • Niels Noorderhaven
  • Haim Benyamini
  • Dave Bouckenooghe
  • Samia Chreim
  • Muriel Durand

    (Centre Hospitalier Emile Roux [AP-HP] - AP-HP - Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), LINA-ENSMSE - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire d'Etude des Nanoparticules Aérosolisées - Mines Saint-Étienne MSE - École des Mines de Saint-Étienne - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - CIS)

  • Mélanie E. Hassett
  • Gary Kokk
  • Mark E. Mendenhall
  • Nicola Mirc

    (stratégie - CRM - Centre de Recherche en Management - UT Capitole - Université Toulouse Capitole - UT - Université de Toulouse - IAE - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Toulouse - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Christof Miska
  • Kathleen Marshall Park
  • Noelia-Sarah Reynolds

    (MGSE - Melbourne Graduate School of Education [Melbourne] - University of Melbourne)

  • Audrey Rouzies

    (stratégie - CRM - Centre de Recherche en Management - UT Capitole - Université Toulouse Capitole - UT - Université de Toulouse - IAE - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Toulouse - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Riikka M. Sarala
  • Sergio Luis Seloti
  • Mikael Søndergaard
  • H. Emre Yildiz

Abstract

Despite decades of research, the key factors for success in mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and the reasons why M&As often fail remain poorly understood. While attempts to explain M&A success and failure have traditionally focused on strategic and financial factors, an emergent field of inquiry has been directed at the sociocultural and human resources issues involved in the integration of acquired or merging firms. This research has sought to explain M&A performance and underperformance in terms of the impact that variables such as cultural fit, management style similarity, the pattern of dominance between merging firms, the acquirer's degree of cultural tolerance, and the social climate surrounding a takeover have on the postmerger integration process. In this article, we attempt to take stock of, and synthesize, the findings from research on sociocultural and human resources integration in M&A, to identify conflicting perspectives and unresolved questions as well as several underresearched areas, and then use our analyses to propose an agenda for the next stage of research in this field

Suggested Citation

  • Günter K. Stahl & Duncan N. Angwin & Philippe Very & Emanuel Gomes & Yaakov Weber & Shlomo Yedidia Tarba & Niels Noorderhaven & Haim Benyamini & Dave Bouckenooghe & Samia Chreim & Muriel Durand & Méla, 2013. "Sociocultural Integration in Mergers and Acquisitions: Unresolved Paradoxes and Directions for Future Research," Post-Print halshs-00862249, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-00862249
    DOI: 10.1002/tie.21549
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Simon Segal & James Guthrie & Johannes Dumay, 2021. "Stakeholder and merger and acquisition research: a structured literature review," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 61(2), pages 2935-2964, June.
    2. Cooke, Fang Lee & Wu, Gang & Zhou, Jing & Zhong, Chong & Wang, Jue, 2018. "Acquiring global footprints: Internationalization strategy of Chinese multinational enterprises and human resource implications," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 184-201.
    3. Khan, Zaheer & Soundararajan, Vivek & Wood, Geoffrey & Ahammad, Mohammad Faisal, 2020. "Employee emotional resilience during post-merger integration across national boundaries: Rewards and the mediating role of fairness norms," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 55(2).
    4. Durand, Muriel, 2016. "Employing critical incident technique as one way to display the hidden aspects of post-merger integration," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 25(1), pages 87-102.
    5. Wang, Daojuan & Hain, Daniel S. & Larimo, Jorma & Dao, Li T., 2020. "Cultural differences and synergy realization in cross-border acquisitions," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 29(3).
    6. Strobl, Andreas & Bauer, Florian & Matzler, Kurt, 2020. "The impact of industry-wide and target market environmental hostility on entrepreneurial leadership in mergers and acquisitions," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 55(2).
    7. David P. Kroon & Niels G. Noorderhaven & Kevin G. Corley & Eero Vaara, 2022. "Hard and Soft Integration: Towards a Dynamic Model of Post‐Acquisition Integration," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 59(5), pages 1132-1161, July.
    8. Luis Filipe Lages & Nuno Catarino & Emanuel Gomes & Peter Toh & Carlos Reis-Marques & Mario Mohr & Sebastian Max Borde & Omid Asgari & Ronnie Figueiredo & Nuno Grosso & David Perez & Ana Ponte & Sílvi, 2023. "Solutions for the commercialization challenges of Horizon Europe and earth observation consortia: co-creation, innovation, decision-making, tech-transfer, and sustainability actions," Electronic Commerce Research, Springer, vol. 23(3), pages 1621-1663, September.
    9. Anne-Sophie Thelisson & Olivier Meier, 2022. "Managerial biases during a merger process in a government-controlled organization," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 26(4), pages 1315-1338, December.
    10. Yildiz, H. Emre, 2016. "“Us vs. them” or “us over them”? On the roles of similarity and status in M&As," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 25(1), pages 51-65.
    11. H Emre Yildiz & Carl F Fey, 2016. "Are the extent and effect of psychic distance perceptions symmetrical in cross-border M&As? Evidence from a two-country study," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 47(7), pages 830-857, September.
    12. Arup Barua & Alexandra Ioanid, 2020. "Country Brand Equity: The Decision Making of Corporate Brand Architecture in Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-24, September.
    13. Béatrice Vincent, 2022. "L'intégration post-fusion des dispositifs de coordination au sein des Dispositifs d'Appui à la Coordination : analyse des éléments facilitant ou limitant l'intégration des équipes," Post-Print hal-03904287, HAL.
    14. David R. King & Gang Wang & Mehdi Samimi & Andres Felipe Cortes, 2021. "A Meta‐Analytic Integration of Acquisition Performance Prediction," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 58(5), pages 1198-1236, July.
    15. Jap, Sandy & Gould, A. Noel & Liu, Annie H., 2017. "Managing mergers: Why people first can improve brand and IT consolidations," Business Horizons, Elsevier, vol. 60(1), pages 123-134.
    16. Bauer, Florian & King, David & Matzler, Kurt, 2016. "Speed of acquisition integration: Separating the role of human and task integration," Scandinavian Journal of Management, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 150-165.
    17. Inju Yang & Sven Horak, 2019. "Emotions, indigenous affective ties, and social network theory—The case of South Korea," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 36(2), pages 395-414, June.
    18. Degbey, William Y. & Pelto, Elina, 2021. "Customer knowledge sharing in cross-border mergers and acquisitions: The role of customer motivation and promise management," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 27(4).
    19. Zahoor, Nadia & Khan, Zaheer & Sinkovics, Rudolf R., 2022. "The Role of Emotions in Cross-Border Mergers & Acquisitions: A Systematic Review of the Inter-Disciplinary Literature and Future Research Agenda," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 28(4).
    20. Qi Ai & Hui Tan, 2018. "The intra-firm knowledge transfer in the outward M&A of EMNCs: Evidence from Chinese manufacturing firms," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 35(2), pages 399-425, June.
    21. Rao-Nicholson, Rekha & Khan, Zaheer & Stokes, Peter, 2016. "Making great minds think alike: Emerging market multinational firms’ leadership effects on targets’ employee psychological safety after cross-border mergers and acquisitions," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 25(1), pages 103-113.
    22. Park, Kathleen Marshall & Meglio, Olimpia & Bauer, Florian & Tarba, Shlomo, 2018. "Managing patterns of internationalization, integration, and identity transformation: The post-acquisition metamorphosis of an Arabian Gulf EMNC," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 122-138.

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