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Understanding Deep Tech: Conceptual Foundations, Strategic Stakes, and Policy Implications

Author

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  • Benjamin Cabanes

    (RMIT University - Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, CGS i3 - Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 - Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris) - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - I3 - Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

Deep tech has become a central concept in innovation, entrepreneurship, and public policy, frequently invoked to describe science-based ventures and breakthrough technologies. Despite its growing prominence, the term remains conceptually ambiguous and theoretically underdeveloped. This article adopts a conceptual–analytical approach to clarify the meaning and role of deep tech within contemporary innovation systems. Drawing on innovation studies, technology entrepreneurship, and science and technology studies, it examines how deep tech is defined, mobilized, and operationalized across technological, business, and policy domains. The analysis shows that deep tech is best understood not as a specific technology category, but as a performative and strategic innovation regime characterized by radical innovation, long time horizons, ecosystem dependence, and mission-oriented public intervention. The article offers conceptual clarity and practical insights for managers and policymakers navigating high-uncertainty, science-based innovation contexts.

Suggested Citation

  • Benjamin Cabanes, 2026. "Understanding Deep Tech: Conceptual Foundations, Strategic Stakes, and Policy Implications," Post-Print hal-05482849, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05482849
    DOI: 10.1109/EMR.2026.3658682
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-05482849v1
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