Cooperative vs. non-cooperative marketplace for computing jobs to be run on geo-distributed data centers only supplied by renewable energies

Since the Paris Agreement, there has been increased focus on decreasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions related to power supply. Data centers are a huge energy consumer sector due to their continuous operational demand. A way to reduce their impact on GHG is by using renewable energy in their power supply. However, renewable energy introduces production intermittence since it depends on the climate conditions. Geo-distributed data centers can exploit diverse climate conditions to diminish the problem. This work presents a geo-distributed data center marketplace only supplied by renewable energies. In our marketplace model, the data centers are independent and compete for the users' jobs. The winner data center is defined using a reverse auction process. We compare different aspects, such as centralized/distributed architectures and cooperative/non-cooperative marketplaces. Our results show that the cooperative and distributed data center model earns more money (5.39% more money), wastes less energy (3.81% less energy), and provides higher QoS (improvement of 4.31% for services and 2.71% for tasks).