IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/hal/journl/hal-05177437.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Labour contracts and performance of cocoa farms in Mbam and Kim in Cameroon
[Contrat de travail et performance des exploitations cacaoyères dans le Mbam et Kim au Cameroun]

Author

Listed:
  • André Nso Ngang

    (IRAD - Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement [Yaoundé])

  • Cyrille Bergaly Kamdem

    (Université de Yaoundé)

  • Christian Bernard Kaldjob Mbeh

    (IRAD - Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement [Yaoundé])

  • Philippe Pédelahore

    (UMR Innovation - Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement)

  • Dieudonné Onana

    (IRAD - Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement [Yaoundé])

  • Joséphine Mireille Akoa Etoa

    (IRAD - Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement [Yaoundé])

Abstract

In order to understand the influence of the types of hired labour contracts on the performance of cocoa farms in Mbam and Kim in Cameroon, a reasoned sampling exercise was carried out to select 114 cocoa farmers. The two-stage approach using data envelope analysis (DEA) and Tobit censored models made it possible to analyse the efficiency of the farms. Two types of contracts were identified: a fixed annual contract (FAC) and a percentage sales contract (PSC) for cocoa harvested. The PSC appears to be more efficient than the FAC in terms of productivity and the allocation of inputs. In addition, the increase in the area of the farms, the number of clearings and mixed treatments are factors that contribute most to the inefficiency of these cocoa farms, while sanitary harvest, increasing the number of shade settings and cocoa tree sizes are sources of efficiency.

Suggested Citation

  • André Nso Ngang & Cyrille Bergaly Kamdem & Christian Bernard Kaldjob Mbeh & Philippe Pédelahore & Dieudonné Onana & Joséphine Mireille Akoa Etoa, 2020. "Labour contracts and performance of cocoa farms in Mbam and Kim in Cameroon [Contrat de travail et performance des exploitations cacaoyères dans le Mbam et Kim au Cameroun]," Post-Print hal-05177437, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05177437
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-05177437v1
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://hal.science/hal-05177437v1/document
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bonner, Sarah E. & Sprinkle, Geoffrey B., 2002. "The effects of monetary incentives on effort and task performance: theories, evidence, and a framework for research," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 27(4-5), pages 303-345.
    2. Khan, Muhammad Fawad & Nakano, Yuko & Kurosaki, Takashi, 2019. "Impact of contract farming on land productivity and income of maize and potato growers in Pakistan," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 28-39.
    3. Atkinson, Scott E & Cornwell, Christopher, 1994. "Estimation of Output and Input Technical Efficiency Using a Flexible Form and Panel Data," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 35(1), pages 245-255, February.
    4. Hoppe, Eva I. & Schmitz, Patrick W., 2018. "Hidden action and outcome contractibility: An experimental test of moral hazard theory," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 544-564.
    5. S. Blancard & J.Ph Boussemart & J. Flahaut & H.B. Lefer, 2013. "L'apport des fonctions distances pour évaluer la performance productive d'exploitations agricoles," Post-Print hal-00846721, HAL.
    6. Blancard, Staphane & Boussemart, Jean-Philippe & Flahaut, Juliette & Lefer, Henri-Bertrand, 2013. "Les fonctions distances pour évaluer la performance productive d’exploitations agricoles," Économie rurale, French Society of Rural Economics (SFER Société Française d'Economie Rurale), vol. 334(March-Apr).
    7. A. Charnes & W. W. Cooper, 1962. "Programming with linear fractional functionals," Naval Research Logistics Quarterly, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 9(3‐4), pages 181-186, September.
    8. R. D. Banker & A. Charnes & W. W. Cooper, 1984. "Some Models for Estimating Technical and Scale Inefficiencies in Data Envelopment Analysis," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 30(9), pages 1078-1092, September.
    9. Daouia, Abdelaati & Simar, Leopold, 2007. "Nonparametric efficiency analysis: A multivariate conditional quantile approach," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 140(2), pages 375-400, October.
    10. Abebe, Gumataw K. & Bijman, Jos & Kemp, Ron & Omta, Onno & Tsegaye, Admasu, 2013. "Contract farming configuration: Smallholders’ preferences for contract design attributes," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 14-24.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ngang, Andre Nso & Kamdem, Cyrille Bergaly & Mbeh, Christian Bernard Kaldjob & Pedelahore, Philippe & Onana, Dieudonne & Etoa, Joephine Mireille Akoa, 2020. "Labour contracts and performance of cocoa farms in Mbam and Kim in Cameroon," African Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, African Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 15(02), June.
    2. Andre, Nso Ngang & Bergaly, Kamdem Cyrille & Philippe, Pedelahore & Bernard, Kaldjob Mbeh Christian & Mireille, Akoa Etoa, 2016. "Contrats de travail et performance des systèmes agroforestiers à base de cacao dans la zone du Mbam et Kim (Centre-Cameroun)," 2016 Fifth International Conference, September 23-26, 2016, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 249296, African Association of Agricultural Economists (AAAE).
    3. Franz R. Hahn, 2007. "Determinants of Bank Efficiency in Europe. Assessing Bank Performance Across Markets," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 31499.
    4. Azarnoosh Kafi & Behrouz Daneshian & Mohsen Rostamy-Malkhalifeh, 2021. "Forecasting the confidence interval of efficiency in fuzzy DEA," Operations Research and Decisions, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Management, vol. 31(1), pages 41-59.
    5. Yande Gong & Joe Zhu & Ya Chen & Wade D. Cook, 2018. "DEA as a tool for auditing: application to Chinese manufacturing industry with parallel network structures," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 263(1), pages 247-269, April.
    6. Arsen Benga & Glediana Zeneli (Foto) & María Jesús Delgado‑Rodríguez & Sonia Lucas Santos, 2025. "Company efforts and environmental efficiency: evidence from European railways considering market-based emissions," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 27(5), pages 9977-10012, May.
    7. Caitlin O’Loughlin & Léopold Simar & Paul W. Wilson, 2023. "Methodologies for assessing government efficiency," Chapters, in: António Afonso & João Tovar Jalles & Ana Venâncio (ed.), Handbook on Public Sector Efficiency, chapter 4, pages 72-101, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    8. Harald Dyckhoff & Katrin Allen, 1999. "Theoretische Begründung einer Effizienzanalyse mittels Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)," Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research, Springer, vol. 51(5), pages 411-436, May.
    9. Phung, Manh-Trung & Cheng, Cheng-Ping & Guo, Chuanyin & Kao, Chen-Yu, 2020. "Mixed Network DEA with Shared Resources: A Case of Measuring Performance for Banking Industry," Operations Research Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 7(C).
    10. Kao, Chiang & Liu, Shiang-Tai, 2020. "A slacks-based measure model for calculating cross efficiency in data envelopment analysis," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    11. Koronakos, Gregory & Sotiros, Dimitris & Despotis, Dimitris K. & Kritikos, Manolis N., 2022. "Fair efficiency decomposition in network DEA: A compromise programming approach," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    12. Kao, Chiang, 2020. "Measuring efficiency in a general production possibility set allowing for negative data," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 282(3), pages 980-988.
    13. Ioannis E. Tsolas, 2020. "The Determinants of the Performance of Precious Metal Mutual Funds," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-10, November.
    14. Díaz-Hernández, Juan José & Cova-Alonso, David-José & Martínez-Budría, Eduardo, 2025. "Measuring technical efficiency under variable returns to scale using Debreu's loss function," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 323(3), pages 975-987.
    15. Kao, Chiang, 2022. "A maximum slacks-based measure of efficiency for closed series production systems," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 106(C).
    16. Kao, Chiang, 2022. "Closest targets in the slacks-based measure of efficiency for production units with multi-period data," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 297(3), pages 1042-1054.
    17. Greco, Salvatore & Ishizaka, Alessio & Tasiou, Menelaos & Torrisi, Gianpiero, 2019. "Sigma-Mu efficiency analysis: A methodology for evaluating units through composite indicators," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 278(3), pages 942-960.
    18. Dakpo, K Hervé & Latruffe, Laure, 2016. "Agri-environmental subsidies and French suckler cow farms’ technical efficiency accounting for GHGs," 90th Annual Conference, April 4-6, 2016, Warwick University, Coventry, UK 236339, Agricultural Economics Society.
    19. Wang, Weijiao & Xu, Fei & Chu, Junfei & Dong, Yanhua & Yuan, Zhe, 2025. "Determining the equilibrium efficient frontier by proportional frontier shifting for data envelopment analysis with fixed-sum outputs," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 130(C).
    20. Trakakis Anastasios & Nektarios Miltiadis & Tziaferi Styliani & Prezerakos Panagiotis, 2021. "Measuring Technical Efficiency of Health Centers in Greece: A Data Envelopment Analysis Application for the Primary Health System of Greece," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(Special 1), pages 1333-1353.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05177437. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: CCSD (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.