Evolution and Reforms of the Moroccan Health System: A Critical Analysis in the Light of International Experiences

Morocco, aware of the challenges posed by its organizational model, has undertaken to set up a system of universal medical coverage. The aim of this initiative is to guarantee the economic and social security of its citizens, ensure a decent standard of living and prevent the risks associated with illness, unemployment, old age, disability and poverty. The implementation of this universal medical coverage scheme bears witness to Morocco's determination to promote access to healthcare, reduce inequalities and strengthen social security with a view to sustainable development. The system encompasses generalized medical coverage and family allowances, the introduction of a pension scheme for the working population, and the introduction of a job loss indemnity. This article retraces the historical development of health insurance in Morocco since independence, and critically analyzes the evolution of the Moroccan health system in the light of economic theories and international experience, while taking stock of the progress made. It highlights the various stages involved in setting up the system, the challenges encountered and the outlook for the future The article analyzes the multidisciplinary theoretical framework, integrating contributions from health economics, comparative public policy analysis and institutional approaches, although methodologically, this research adopts a mixed approach combining in-depth documentary analysis, exploitation of national and international statistical data, and structured comparison with reference health systems.