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Prix planchers dans les filières agro- alimentaires : une mesure d’efficacité ?

Author

Listed:
  • Rémi Avignon

    (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement)

  • Etienne Guigue

    (LMU - Institut für Informatik [München/Munich] - LMU - Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] = Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, KU Leuven - Catholic University of Leuven = Katholieke Universiteit Leuven)

Abstract

L'idée d'introduire des prix planchers dans les filières agricoles a récemment refait surface dans le débat public. Mesure phare de la Politique Agricole Commune (PAC) des années 1970-1980, les prix planchers ont pourtant été source d'inefficacité et laissé de mauvais souvenirs. Cette note montre cependant qu'un prix plancher sur la matière première peut être source d'efficacité dans les filières où les agriculteurs font face à des acheteurs ayant du pouvoir de monopsone, c'est-à-dire étant capables de peser négativement sur les prix. Ainsi, dans la filière lait de vache, le lait est acheté par les industriels, en moyenne sur la période 2003-2018, à un prix inférieur de 16% aux profits marginaux qu'ils en tirent. Un prix plancher, indexé sur les cours internationaux des denrées agricoles, peut alors conduire à une meilleure rémunération des agriculteurs sans nécessairement nuire aux consommateurs, via une réduction des marges des industriels à l'achat de matière première. Le prix plancher peut également améliorer l'efficacité des politiques de soutien de l'offre agricole (subventions, politique commerciale, assurance subventionnée). Un examen approfondi de la situation des autres filières est nécessaire pour juger de l'opportunité d'une mise en place plus large de prix planchers.

Suggested Citation

  • Rémi Avignon & Etienne Guigue, 2024. "Prix planchers dans les filières agro- alimentaires : une mesure d’efficacité ?," Post-Print hal-04986932, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04986932
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-04986932v1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jan De Loecker & Frederic Warzynski, 2012. "Markups and Firm-Level Export Status," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 102(6), pages 2437-2471, October.
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