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Conséquences de l'assurance publique et complémentaire sur la distribution et la concentration des restes à charge : une étude de cas

Author

Listed:
  • Carine Franc

    (CESP - Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations - UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - AP-HP - Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) - Hôpital Paul Brousse - GHU AP-HP. Université Paris Saclay - INSERM - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - Université Paris-Saclay)

  • Aurélie Pierre

    (IRDES - Institut de Recherche et Documentation en Economie de la Santé - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres)

Abstract

En France, le financement des soins se caractérise par la juxtaposition des remboursements de l'Assurance maladie obligatoire (AMO) et des assurances complémentaires (AMC). Les dépenses de santé restant à la charge des assurés après intervention de ces deux niveaux de couverture constituent des indicateurs incontournables de l'accès aux soins mais ont été peu étudiées à ce jour, faute de sources nationales adéquates. Cet article vise à pallier ce manque en mobilisant les données administratives d'une mutuelle particulière gérant simultanément l'AMO et l'AMC, permettant ainsi une analyse des restes à charge avant et après intervention de la complémentaire (RACO et RACC). Les données concernent l'année 2002 correspondant à une période d'observation où la population d'intérêt bénéficiait d'un contrat unique de complémentaire santé, c'est‑à‑dire avant la mise en place d'une surcomplémentaire. L'étude porte donc sur un champ limité et une période relativement ancienne, mais elle permet néanmoins d'illustrer le type d'interaction pouvant exister entre l'AMO et l'AMC. Dans un premier temps, nous étudions le niveau, la distribution et la concentration des RACO et des RACC sur l'ensemble des dépenses ambulatoires puis par poste de soins. Dans un second temps, nous analysons la concentration des RAC après intervention de l'AMO et de l'AMC en tenant compte de deux indicateurs des besoins de soins : le fait d'être exonéré ou non du ticket modérateur et le niveau des dépenses avant remboursements. Dans notre échantillon, 5 % (resp. 1 %) de la population supportaient en 2002 des RACC de plus de 511 euros sur les dépenses ambulatoires (resp. 1 272 euros). Le RACC des individus exonérés du ticket modérateur était en moyenne 70 % plus élevé que celui de ceux qui n'en étaient pas exonérés. Nous montrons que, même si l'AMO et l'AMC assurent successivement une certaine mutualisation, elles ne réduisent pas de la même façon la concentration des restes à charge qui peut exister sur les individus les plus malades. Ainsi, pour les postes de soins le plus souvent associés à la maladie et pour lesquels il existe une certaine liberté tarifaire (consultations, actes médicaux techniques et autres prescriptions), l'effet mutualisant de l'AMC apparaissait en 2002 relativement faible en comparaison de celui de l'AMO.

Suggested Citation

  • Carine Franc & Aurélie Pierre, 2015. "Conséquences de l'assurance publique et complémentaire sur la distribution et la concentration des restes à charge : une étude de cas," Post-Print hal-04385841, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04385841
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2015.10525
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-04385841v1
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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