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Pourquoi l'histoire de la pensée économique est-elle différente des autres histoires ?
[Почему История Экономической Мысли Отличается От Других Историй?]

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  • André Lapidus

    (PHARE - Philosophie, Histoire et Analyse des Représentations Économiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne)

Abstract

et A. Lapidus (éds), Экономическая теория в историческом развитии [La théorie économique dans une perspective historique], Moscou : Infra-M, 2016, pp. 6-30.4. Nous entretenons avec l'histoire de notre discipline des relations peu communes : nous avons cette double particularité d'assurer nous-mêmes, comme économistes, l'histoire de la pensée économique, et de maintenir un lien étroit entre cette investigation historique et la recherche théorique en économie. Bien sûr, en biologie, en physique ou en mathématiques, la recherche historique est féconde. Mais elle intéresse en priorité des historiens des sciences ou des épistémologues, plus rarement des spécialistes de la discipline concernée. Au moins à partir du XX e siècle, la division du travail semble s'être imposée dans les sciences de la nature. Rien de tel en économie. Prolongeant une tradition intellectuelle qu'illustrèrent, au XIX e siècle, Jean-Baptiste Say [1826], Auguste Blanqui [1837] ou Friedrich Engels [1843], de nombreux auteurs depuis le début du XX e siècle (Charles Gide et Charles Rist [1909], Joseph Schumpeter [1954] ou Takashi Negishi [1989]) témoignent de l'implication persistante d'économistes majeurs, qui les conduit à entreprendre non seulement des histoires thématiques ou chronologiquement restreintes, mais aussi des histoires générales de la science économique. Et ce qui, pour un regard extérieur, paraîtra le plus saisissant, est cette ambition de se saisir d'enjeux théoriques qui dépassent la seule investigation historique : une ambition qui se retrouve, de façon récurrente, depuis au moins trois décennies dans les discussions parfois contradictoires conduites par les historiens de la pensée économique eux-mêmes 1. C'est là, aussi, que se tient la principale différence qui oppose l'histoire de la pensée économique et, par exemple, l'histoire de la pensée physique ou mathématique. Dans les sciences de la nature, la contribution positive à l'élaboration de la théorie semble, aujourd'hui, largement déconnectée de la réflexion historique. Ainsi, lorsqu'A. Einstein publie, avec L.

Suggested Citation

  • André Lapidus, 2016. "Pourquoi l'histoire de la pensée économique est-elle différente des autres histoires ? [Почему История Экономической Мысли Отличается От Других Историй?]," Post-Print hal-01619020, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01619020
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://paris1.hal.science/hal-01619020
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    References listed on IDEAS

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