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Cash transfer programs with income multipliers

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  • Sadoulet, Elisabeth
  • Davis, Benjamin
  • de Janvry, Alain

Abstract

Cash transfer programs induce multiplier effects when recipients put the money they receive to work to generate additional income. The ultimate income effects are multiples of the amounts transferred. This paper analyzes the PROCAMPO program in Mexico, which was introduced to compensate farmers for the anticipated negative effect of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on the price of basic crops. The transfer rules and the timing of the panel data collected allow unique control of biases in this impact analysis. We find that the multiplier among ejido sector recipients is in the range of 1.5 to 2.6. Multipliers are higher for medium and large farm households, low numbers of adults in the household, nonindigenous backgrounds, and households located in the Center and Gulf regions. High multipliers reflect marginal income opportunities that were unrealized due to liquidity constraints that the transfers eased. Opportunities came from the asset endowments that these households have, particularly irrigated land, and these opportunities were enhanced by access to technical assistance.

Suggested Citation

  • Sadoulet, Elisabeth & Davis, Benjamin & de Janvry, Alain, 2001. "Cash transfer programs with income multipliers," FCND discussion papers 99, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    • Handle: RePEc:fpr:fcnddp:99
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    2. Hoddinott, John & Haddad, Lawrence James & Besley, Tim & Adato, Michelle, 2001. "Participation and poverty reduction," FCND briefs 98, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
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    1. Valsecchi, Michele, 2014. "Land property rights and international migration: Evidence from Mexico," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 276-290.
    2. Laure Latruffe & Sophia Davidova & Elodie Douarin & Matthew Gorton, 2010. "Farm Expansion in Lithuania after Accession to the EU: The Role of CAP Payments in Alleviating Potential Credit Constraints," Europe-Asia Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 62(2), pages 351-365.
    3. Gupta, Anubhab & Taylor, J. Edward & Davis, Benjamin & Luca, Pellerano & Ousmane, Niang, 2016. "Long-term Impacts of Poverty Programs: A Local-economy Cost-benefit Analysis of Lesotho's Child Grants Programme," 2016 Annual Meeting, July 31-August 2, Boston, Massachusetts 235474, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    4. Dennis Egger & Johannes Haushofer & Edward Miguel & Paul Niehaus & Michael Walker, 2022. "General Equilibrium Effects of Cash Transfers: Experimental Evidence From Kenya," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 90(6), pages 2603-2643, November.
    5. Furio C. Rosati, 2022. "Can cash transfers reduce child labor?," IZA World of Labor, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), pages 293-293, February.
    6. Dithmer, Jan & Abdulai, Awudu, 2017. "Does trade openness contribute to food security? A dynamic panel analysis," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 218-230.
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    8. Kishore, Avinash & Joshi, Pramod K. & Pandey, Divya, 2015. "Droughts, Distress and a Conditional Cash Transfer Program to Mitigate the Impact of Droughtin Bihar, India," 2015 Conference, August 9-14, 2015, Milan, Italy 212009, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    9. Yi, Fujin & Lu, Wuyi & Zhou, Yingheng, 2015. "Cash Transfers and Multiplier Effect: Lessons from the Grain Subsidy Program in China," 2015 Conference, August 9-14, 2015, Milan, Italy 211877, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
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    11. Yörük, Erdem & Öker, İbrahim & Şarlak, Lara, 2019. "Indigenous unrest and the contentious politics of social assistance in Mexico," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 1-1.
    12. Jose M. Yorobe Jr. & Jauhar Ali & Valerien O. Pede & Roderick M. Rejesus & Orlee. P. Velarde & Huaiyu Wang, 2016. "Yield and income effects of rice varieties with tolerance of multiple abiotic stresses: the case of green super rice (GSR) and flooding in the Philippines," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 47(3), pages 261-271, May.
    13. Latruffe, Laure & Davidova, Sophia & Douarin, Elodie & Gorton, Matthew, 2008. "Can the CAP payments facilitate the growth of individual farms in the NMS post-EU accession?," 82nd Annual Conference, March 31 - April 2, 2008, Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester, UK 36861, Agricultural Economics Society.
    14. Dobler-Morales, Carlos & Lorenzen, Matthew & Orozco-Ramírez, Quetzalcóatl & Bocco, Gerardo, 2022. "Beyond a generalized deagrarianization: Livelihood heterogeneity and its determinants in the Mixteca Alta, Mexico," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    15. Briones, Roehlano M. & Tolin, Lovely Ann C., 2015. "Options for Supporting Rice Farmers Under a Post-QR Regime: Review and Assessment," Research Paper Series DP 2015-46, Philippine Institute for Development Studies.
    16. David, Magnaña-Lemus, 2013. "Determinants of Household Food Insecurity in Mexico," 2013: Employment, Immigration and Trade, December 15-17, 2013, Clearwater Beach, Florida 182502, International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium.
    17. Schmook, Birgit & Vance, Colin, 2009. "Agricultural Policy, Market Barriers, and Deforestation: The Case of Mexico's Southern Yucatn," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 37(5), pages 1015-1025, May.
    18. Zavala-Pineda, María Jesica & Leos-Rodríguez, Juan Antonio & Salas-González, José María & Valdez-Cepeda, Ricardo David & Gómez-Oliver, Luis, 2015. "Las transferencias agrarias en México y su efecto en el sector agropecuario," Economia Agraria y Recursos Naturales, Spanish Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 15(02).
    19. Dammert, Ana C. & de Hoop, Jacobus & Mvukiyehe, Eric & Rosati, Furio C., 2018. "Effects of public policy on child labor: Current knowledge, gaps, and implications for program design," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 104-123.
    20. Camacho, Luis A. & Kreibaum, Merle, 2017. "Cash transfers, food security and resilience in fragile contexts: general evidence and the German experience," IDOS Discussion Papers 9/2017, German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS).
    21. Briones, Roehlano M. & Tolin, Lovely Ann C., 2015. "Options for Supporting Rice Farmers Under a Post-QR Regime: Review and Assessment," Discussion Papers DP 2015-46, Philippine Institute for Development Studies.
    22. Lahiri, Bidisha & Daramola, Richard, 2023. "Effects of credit and labor constraints on microenterprises and the unintended impact of changes in household endowments: Use of threshold estimation to detect heterogeneity," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 21-38.
    23. Yi, Fujin & Sun, Dingqiang & Zhou, Yingheng, 2015. "Grain subsidy, liquidity constraints and food security—Impact of the grain subsidy program on the grain-sown areas in China," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 114-124.
    24. McArthur, Travis, 2016. "Direct Measurement of Efficiency Gains from Land Titling: PROCEDE's Effect upon the Productivity of Mexican Agriculture," 2016 Annual Meeting, July 31-August 2, Boston, Massachusetts 236133, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    25. Chitiga, Margaret & Tiberti, Luca & Maisonnave, Helene & Hoareau, Stephane & Robichaud, Véronique & Mabugu, Ramos & Ngandu, Stewart, 2012. "Analysis of the Economic Impacts of the South African Child Support Grant Via A Microsimulation-CGE Model," Conference papers 332237, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.

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    Subsidies Mexico ; income ;

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