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Geopolitical Oil Price Risk and Economic Fluctuations

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Abstract

Market participants and policymakers are concerned about major oil production shortfalls driven by geopolitical events. Even when such events never materialize, unanticipated increases in the probability of a production shortfall may generate a surge in the price of oil and oil price uncertainty. We provide the first systematic account of the quantitative importance of time-varying geopolitical risk to oil production for the global economy. We show that a 20 percentage point increase in the probability of a 5% shortfall in oil production causes a 0.12% reduction in output. When considering a 20% shortfall, the drop in output nearly quadruples.

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  • Lutz Kilian & Michael D. Plante & Alexander W. Richter, 2024. "Geopolitical Oil Price Risk and Economic Fluctuations," Working Papers 2403, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, revised 02 Mar 2026.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:feddwp:98321
    DOI: 10.24149/wp2403r2
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    1. Sydney C. Ludvigson & Sai Ma & Serena Ng, 2021. "Uncertainty and Business Cycles: Exogenous Impulse or Endogenous Response?," American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, American Economic Association, vol. 13(4), pages 369-410, October.
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    1. Jesús Fernández-Villaverde & Yiliang Li & Le Xu & Francesco Zanetti, 2025. "Charting the Uncharted: The (Un)Intended Consequences of Oil Sanctions and Dark Shipping," Economics Series Working Papers 1070, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
    2. Emna Trabelsi, 2025. "Monetary Policy Transmission Under Global Versus Local Geopolitical Risk: Exploring Time-Varying Granger Causality, Frequency Domain, and Nonlinear Territory in Tunisia," Economies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-68, June.
    3. Gründler, Daniel & Scharler, Johann, 2025. "Does uncertainty amplify the inflation pass-through of gasoline price shocks?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    4. Mohsen Bakhshi Moghaddam & Saeed Moshiri, 2025. "Oil-macroeconomy relationship over time: Does oil still matter?," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 69(6), pages 3205-3225, December.

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    JEL classification:

    • E13 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General Aggregative Models - - - Neoclassical
    • E22 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Investment; Capital; Intangible Capital; Capacity
    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
    • Q43 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Energy and the Macroeconomy

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