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Descentralização fiscal e municipalização do ensino fundamental: impacto sobre os indicadores de desempenho educacional

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  • Orellano, Verônica Inês Fernandez
  • Rocha, Fabiana
  • Mattos, Enlinson
  • Zoghbi, Ana Carolina Pereira

Abstract

Este trabalho procurou estimar os efeitos das mudanças ocorridas no sistema de educação fundamental brasileiro com relação à descentralização sobre o desempenho do setor, sendo o conceito de descentralização entendido de modo mais amplo do que em trabalhos anteriores, incorporando tanto aspectos relativos à autonomia municipal de arrecadação e de gastos, quanto àqueles relacionados ao gerenciamento das escolas. Para isso considerou-se um modelo de dados em painel correspondente ao período de 1999 a 2006, em que as unidades de observação são os municípios. Os indicadores educacionais utilizados correspondem a duas taxas de rendimento (taxa de aprovação e taxa de abandono), além do indicador de distorção idade-série. De um modo geral, os resultados encontrados fornecem evidências de que a análise realizada até agora no Brasil sobre a relação entre descentralização e desempenho em educação pode ter sido incompleta, uma vez que desconsiderou um aspecto importante do conceito de descentralização, que é o aspecto fiscal. Os resultados obtidos revelam uma forte correlação entre descentralização fiscal e desempenho em educação, sendo que essa relação tem o sinal que seria o esperado de acordo com a literatura que prevê efeitos benéficos para a descentralização. O mesmo não acontece quando se consideram indicadores de municipalização da rede de ensino como medida de descentralização. Este estudo apresenta evidências de que as mudanças ocorridas no sistema de ensino fundamental brasileiro após a implementação do FUNDEF não devem ser interpretadas como um movimento de descentralização sob todos os aspectos. Ao considerar o aspecto fiscal, surgem novas medidas e novas relações entre descentralização e desempenho.

Suggested Citation

  • Orellano, Verônica Inês Fernandez & Rocha, Fabiana & Mattos, Enlinson & Zoghbi, Ana Carolina Pereira, 2012. "Descentralização fiscal e municipalização do ensino fundamental: impacto sobre os indicadores de desempenho educacional," Textos para discussão 287, FGV EESP - Escola de Economia de São Paulo, Fundação Getulio Vargas (Brazil).
  • Handle: RePEc:fgv:eesptd:287
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • H0 - Public Economics - - General
    • H52 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Government Expenditures and Education
    • H77 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism

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