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Municipal bond insurance and the U.S. drinking water crisis

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  • Agrawal, Ashwini
  • Kim, Daniel

Abstract

We show that the collapse of the municipal bond insurance industry plays an important, but previously overlooked, role in driving regional variation in U.S. drinking water pollution. Public water infrastructure has traditionally been financed using municipal debt partly backed by a small number of monoline insurers. Starting in the 1990's, some - but not all - of these insurers began insuring structured financial products unrelated to water infrastructure. After these products crashed in value in 2007, several bond insurers ceased to insure new debt issues. We show that municipalities that were previously more reliant on relationships with adversely affected insurers subsequently face higher borrowing costs. These municipalities then reduce their borrowing and scale back investments in water infrastructure, leading to increased water pollution. The data suggest that market failures in the municipal bond insurance industry explain 32% of the relative rise in U.S. drinking water pollution since 2007.

Suggested Citation

  • Agrawal, Ashwini & Kim, Daniel, 2021. "Municipal bond insurance and the U.S. drinking water crisis," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 118888, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    • Handle: RePEc:ehl:lserod:118888
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    File URL: https://researchonline.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/118888/
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Aiello, Darren & Bernstein, Asaf & Kargar, Mahyar & Lewis, Ryan & Schwert, Michael, 2025. "The marginal value of public pension wealth: Evidence from border house prices," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • G22 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Insurance; Insurance Companies; Actuarial Studies
    • H41 - Public Economics - - Publicly Provided Goods - - - Public Goods
    • H74 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - State and Local Borrowing
    • Q53 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling

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