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Lines of Credit and Relationship Lending in Small Firm Finance

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  • Allen N. Berger
  • Gregory E. Udell

Abstract

This paper examines the role of_.relationship..lending.using a data set on small firm finance. We specifically examine price and nonprice terms of commercial bank lines of credit (L/C) extended to small firms. Our focus on bank L/Cs allows us to examine a type of loan contract where the bank-borrower relationship is likely to be an important mechanism for solving asymmetric information problems associated with financing small enterprises. We find that borrowers with longer banking relationships tend to pay lower interest rates and are less likely to pledge collateral. These results are consistent with theoretical arguments that relationship lending generates valuable information about borrower quality.

Suggested Citation

  • Allen N. Berger & Gregory E. Udell, 1994. "Lines of Credit and Relationship Lending in Small Firm Finance," Economics Working Paper Archive wp_113, Levy Economics Institute.
    • Handle: RePEc:lev:wrkpap:wp_113
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    1. Rizov, Marian, 2008. "Corporate capital structure and how soft budget constraints may affect it," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 22(4), pages 648-684.
    2. Steven G. Craig & Polly T. Hardee, 2001. "The Impact of Bank Structure on Small Business and Small Farm Lending," Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance, Pepperdine University, Graziadio School of Business and Management, vol. 6(1), pages 59-83, Spring.
    3. Joe Peek & Eric Rosengren, 1995. "Small business credit availability: how important is size of lender?," Working Papers 95-5, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
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    5. International Monetary Fund, 2005. "Iceland: Selected Issues," IMF Staff Country Reports 2005/366, International Monetary Fund.
    6. Ben Naceur, S. & Marton, Katherin & Roulet, Caroline, 2018. "Basel III and bank-lending: Evidence from the United States and Europe," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 1-27.
    7. Anjan V. Thakor, 2004. "Capital Requirements, Monetary Policy, and Aggregate Bank," Finance 0411027, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Roulet, Caroline, 2018. "Basel III: Effects of capital and liquidity regulations on European bank lending," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 26-46.
    9. Ismiyanti, Fitri & Mahadwartha, Putu Anom, 2007. "Does Debt Affect Firm Financial Performance? The Role of Debt on Corporate Governance: Evidence from Indonesia," MPRA Paper 27035, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 11 Jan 2008.
    10. Anjali Kumar & Manuela Francisco, 2005. "Enterprise Size, Financing Patterns, and Credit Constraints in Brazil : Analysis of Data from the Investment Climate Assessment Survey," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 7330, April.
    11. Rodney Ramcharan & Stéphane Verani & Skander J. Van Den Heuvel, 2016. "From Wall Street to Main Street: The Impact of the Financial Crisis on Consumer Credit Supply," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 71(3), pages 1323-1356, June.
    12. Steven G. Craig & Polly T. Hardee, 2002. "The Internet, Bank Structure and Small Business Lending," Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance, Pepperdine University, Graziadio School of Business and Management, vol. 7(1), pages 77-98, Spring.
    13. Turki SF Alzomaia, 2014. "Capital Structure Determinants of Publicly Listed Companies in Saudi Arabia," The International Journal of Business and Finance Research, The Institute for Business and Finance Research, vol. 8(2), pages 53-67.
    14. Anil K. Kashyap & Raghuram Rajan & Jeremy C. Stein, 2002. "Banks as Liquidity Providers: An Explanation for the Coexistence of Lending and Deposit‐taking," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 57(1), pages 33-73, February.
    15. Beverelli, Cosimo & Kukenova, Madina & Rocha, Nadia, 2011. "Are you experienced? Survival and recovery of trade relations after banking crises," WTO Staff Working Papers ERSD-2011-03, World Trade Organization (WTO), Economic Research and Statistics Division.
    16. Hala El-Said & Mahmoud Al-Said & Chahir Zaki, 2013. "What Determines the Access to Finance of SMEs? Evidence from the Egyptian Case," Working Papers 752, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2013.
    17. Sriya Anbil & Mark A. Carlson & Mary-Frances Styczynski, 2021. "The Effect of the PPPLF on PPP Lending by Commercial Banks," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2021-030, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    18. Isil Erol & Dogan Tirtiroglu, 2011. "Concentrated Ownership, No Dividend Payout Requirement and Capital Structure of REITs: Evidence from Turkey," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 43(1), pages 174-204, July.
    19. Baker, Ted, 2007. "Resources in play: Bricolage in the Toy Store(y)," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 22(5), pages 694-711, September.
    20. Takeo Hoshi & Anil Kashyap, 2000. "The Japanese Banking Crisis: Where Did It Come From and How Will It End?," NBER Chapters, in: NBER Macroeconomics Annual 1999, Volume 14, pages 129-212, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    21. Dilawar Ahmad Bhat & Udayan Chanda & Anil K. Bhat, 2023. "Does Firm Size Influence Leverage? Evidence from India," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 24(1), pages 21-30, February.
    22. Mohd Afandi Abu Bakar* & Noormahayu Mohd Nasir & Farrah Dina Abd Razak & Nor Samsinar Kamsi & Asmalia Che Ahmad, 2018. "Provision for Bad & Doubtful Financing and Contingency Reserve Management: Assessing Resilient and Stable Islamic Banks," The Journal of Social Sciences Research, Academic Research Publishing Group, pages 621-627:6.
    23. Bandyopadhyay, Arindam & Barua, Nandita Malini, 2016. "Factors determining capital structure and corporate performance in India: Studying the business cycle effects," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 160-172.
    24. James R. Barth & Glenn Yago & Betsy Zeidman, 2006. "Stumbling blocks to entrepreneurship in low-and-moderate income communities," Proceedings: Community Affairs Dept. Conferences, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, issue Jul, pages 91-155.

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