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Emparejamiento Selectivo: Medición y Tendencias en América Latina y el Caribe

Author

Listed:
  • Iván Albina

    (CEDLAS-IIE-FCE-UNLP and CONICET)

Abstract

Este trabajo documenta el grado y la evolución del emparejamiento selectivo (ES) educativo en 21 países de América Latina y el Caribe para cohortes nacidas entre 1915 y 1985, utilizando microdatos censales. Para estudiar tendencias en un contexto de expansión educativa y cambios en las distribuciones marginales por género, se evalúan indicadores de ES existentes y se propone el Indicador Cuantílico Educativo Local (ICEL), definido como la razón entre la probabilidad observada de emparejamiento dentro de un mismo cuantil educativo y la probabilidad esperada bajo independencia estadística. Se presentan dos extensiones: un indicador global que incorpora en la medición la selección hacia la formación de pareja y un indicador geográfico que integra heterogeneidad territorial en capital educativo y patrones de emparejamiento en mercados matrimoniales locales. De acuerdo con los datos de los últimos censos disponibles de cada país, la probabilidad de emparejarse con una persona del mismo quintil educativo es, en promedio, 2.3 veces la que surgiría bajo emparejamiento aleatorio, y presenta una mayor intensidad en los extremos de la distribución (Q1 en torno a 2.5; Q5 en torno a 3). Entre el primer y el último registro por país, el ICEL disminuye en 13 de 21 casos. Simulaciones para México muestran que restricciones etarias y geográficas explican una fracción sustantiva del emparejamiento observado y que, en escenarios contrafactuales, la reducción del Gini bajo aleatorización completa (6%) se atenúa a 3% al incluir restricciones etarias, geográficas y maritales.

Suggested Citation

  • Iván Albina, 2026. "Emparejamiento Selectivo: Medición y Tendencias en América Latina y el Caribe," CEDLAS, Working Papers 0366, CEDLAS, Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
  • Handle: RePEc:dls:wpaper:0366
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • I2 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education
    • I24 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Inequality
    • J11 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
    • J12 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure

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