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Technology Diffusion and Aggregate Dynamics

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Abstract

This paper develops and analyzes a macroeconomic model in which aggregate growth and fluctuations arise from the discovery and diffusion of new technologies; there are no exogenous aggregate shocks. The temporal behavior of aggregates is driven by individuals' efforts to innovate and/or make use of others' innovations. Parameters describing preferences, production possibilities and learning technologies are estimated using post-war U.S. data. The model delivers predicted aggregates that grow and fluctuate much like the data. The key feature of post-war growth are explained by new technologies that differ in terms of the magnitude of their improvement over existing methods and the difficulty of acquiring them. The model implies a negative trend in technological dispersion, and that the generally lower growth witnessed during the last two decades is the result of new technologies offering comparatively minor or less broadly-applicable improvements. Data on the growing and fluctuating share of engineering Ph.D.s support the model's technological interpretation of the growth facts, and data on patent applications and adult schooling are consistent with the notion that newer technologies are more specific and proprietary. Ce papier développe et analyse un modèle macroéconomique dans lequel croissance et fluctuations sont le résultat de la découverte et de la diffusion de nouvelles technologies; il n'y a pas de chocs agrégés exogènes. Le comportement dans le temps des agrégats est mû par l'effort d'innovation des individus ou par l'effort d'utilisation des innovations faites par des autres. Les paramètres décrivant les préférences, les possibilités de production et les technologies d'apprentissage sont estimés au moyen de données américaines d'après-guerre. Le modèle livre des agrégats qui croissent et fluctuent en grande partie comme dans les données. Les faits saillants concernant la croissance d'après-guerre sont expliqués par de nouvelles technologies qui diffèrent en termes d'ampleur d'amélioration par rapport aux méthodes existantes et de difficulté d'acquisition. Le modèle implique une tendance négative de la dispersion technologique. De plus, il montre que la croissance généralement plus faible des deux dernières décennies est le résultat de nouvelles technologies offrant des améliorations comparativement faibles ou moins bien applicables. Les données sur la part croissante et variable de Ph.D. en ingénieurie corroborent l'interprétation technologique des faits saillants de la croissance par le modèle, et les données sur les demandes de brevets et l'éducation des adultes sont conformes avec la notion que les technologies les plus récentes sont plus spécifiques et exclusives.

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  • David Andolfatto & Glenn M. MacDonald, 1998. "Technology Diffusion and Aggregate Dynamics," Cahiers de recherche CREFE / CREFE Working Papers 58, CREFE, Université du Québec à Montréal.
  • Handle: RePEc:cre:crefwp:58
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Growth; Technology; Fluctuations;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O3 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights
    • O4 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles

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