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Démocratie de la demande versus démocratie de l’offre : Reconstruction et interprétation des analogies démocratie-marché

Author

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  • Alexandre Chirat

    (CRESE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté)

Abstract

Cet article établit deux constats. Premièrement les économistes ont développé des analogies entre le marché et la démocratie qui ne se réduisent pas à l’analogie canonique entre pure démocratie et marché parfait. Deuxièmement, l’usage de ces analogies s’est avéré pluriel. Fort de ces deux constats, nous dégageons deux grandes représentations idéal-typiques des processus économiques et politiques véhiculés par le recours aux analogies démocratie-marché. Des économistes considèrent que les résultats des processus économiques et politiques sont essentiellement déterminés par le côté demande du marché, c’est-à-dire par les préférences des consommateurs et des citoyens. Il s’agit d’une représentation du monde que nous qualifions de « démocratie de la demande ». D’autres estiment au contraire que le capitalisme et la démocratie sont des processus plutôt pilotés par le côté offre du marché. Dans cet article, nous défendons la thèse selon laquelle la vision en termes de démocratie de la demande est directement dépendante des hypothèses au fondement des modèles de concurrence parfaite, de telle sorte que plus un économiste les met à distance, plus il propose une vision en termes de « démocratie de l’offre ».

Suggested Citation

  • Alexandre Chirat, 2020. "Démocratie de la demande versus démocratie de l’offre : Reconstruction et interprétation des analogies démocratie-marché," Working Papers 2020-10, CRESE.
  • Handle: RePEc:crb:wpaper:2020-10
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • D60 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - General
    • D70 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - General
    • B20 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought since 1925 - - - General
    • A12 - General Economics and Teaching - - General Economics - - - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines

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