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Prenatal Exposure to PM2.5 and Infant health : Evidence from Quebec

Author

Listed:
  • Abdel-Hamid Bello
  • Maripier Isabelle
  • Guy Lacroix

Abstract

This paper examines the effects of prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on birth outcomes in a low-pollution setting. Using linked administrative data on births and air quality in Quebec (2008-2015), we compare infants exposed to different pollution levels within the same neighborhoods and time periods to account for socioeconomic and seasonal differences. We find no significant effects at the population level, but exposure increases the risk of low birth weight and preterm birth among female infants and children of less-educated mothers. These findings suggest that even in low-exposure environments, current air quality standards may not sufficiently protect vulnerable populations. Strengthening pollution advisories for pregnant women and refining regional air quality policies could help mitigate these risks. Cet article examine les effets de l'exposition prénatale aux particules fines (PM2,5) sur la santé des nouveaux nés dans un contexte de faible pollution. En utilisant des données administratives couplées sur les naissances et la qualité de l'air au Québecentre 2008 et 2015, nous comparons les nourrissons exposés à différents niveaux de pollution dans les mêmes quartiers et périodes afin de tenir compte des différences socioéconomiques et saisonnières. Si nous ne constatons pas d'effet significatif au niveau de la population, nos résultats suggèrent que l'exposition à la PM2.5 augmente le risque de faible poids de naissance et de naissance prématurée chez les nourrissons de sexe féminin et les enfants de mères moins instruites. Ces résultats suggèrent que, même dans les environnements caractérisés par de faibles niveaux de particules fines, le renforcement des avis de pollution pour les femmes enceintes et l'affinement des politiques régionales en matière de qualité de l'air pourraient contribuer à atténuer ces risques notamment pour les populations plus vulnérables.

Suggested Citation

  • Abdel-Hamid Bello & Maripier Isabelle & Guy Lacroix, 2025. "Prenatal Exposure to PM2.5 and Infant health : Evidence from Quebec," CIRANO Working Papers 2025s-09, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:2025s-09
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    File URL: https://cirano.qc.ca/files/publications/2025S-09.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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