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Mobilité géographique et transmission intergénérationnelle du revenu au Québec

Author

Listed:
  • Yacine Boujija
  • Marie Connolly
  • Xavier St-Denis

Abstract

→ Read CIRANO PERSPECTIVES → Presentation of study analyses and results on October 30, 2023 Young people who grow up in a less privileged socioeconomic environment are more likely to remain at the bottom of the income distribution once they reach adulthood. This phenomenon is one of the manifestations of the reproduction of inequalities from one generation to the next, or what is known as the intergenerational transmission of income. Despite the implementation in Quebec of initiatives to promote equality of opportunity, the situation has deteriorated over the course of the late 20th century. We know that access to education is a key factor in social mobility. In this study, the authors look at the question from a different angle, examining the contribution of geographic mobility to the intergenerational transmission of income in Quebec. The study uses data from Statistics Canada's Intergenerational Income Database (IID) to estimate the link between geographic mobility and socioeconomic mobility. Four cohorts of young people are tracked over time: those born between 1967 and 1970, between 1972 and 1975, between 1977 and 1980, and between 1982 and 1985. This represents a sample of almost 1.4 million observations. The authors show that the deterioration of social mobility in Quebec is mainly the result of two phenomena: (1) a deterioration in the socioeconomic status of young people living outside major urban centres at age 16 and having grown up in a family at the bottom of the income distribution, combined with (2) an improvement in the situation of young people from the same regions, but having grown up in a family at the top of the parental income distribution. This study contributes to the knowledge base and suggests that policies supporting geographic mobility could help increase social mobility in Quebec. → Lire le PERSPECTIVES CIRANO → Présentation des analyses et résultats de l'étude le 30 octobre 2023 Les jeunes qui grandissent dans un milieu socioéconomique moins favorisé ont une probabilité plus élevée de rester dans le bas de la distribution des revenus une fois à l’âge adulte. Ce phénomène est une des manifestations de la reproduction des inégalités d’une génération à l’autre, ou ce qu’on appelle la transmission intergénérationnelle du revenu. Malgré la mise en œuvre au Québec d’initiatives pour promouvoir l’égalité des chances, la situation s’est détériorée au cours de la fin du 20e siècle. On sait que l’accès à l’éducation est un facteur clé de mobilité sociale. Dans cette étude, les auteurs abordent la question sous un autre angle et examinent l’apport de la mobilité géographique dans la transmission intergénérationnelle du revenu au Québec. L’étude exploite les données de la Base de données sur la mobilité intergénérationnelle du revenu (BDMIR) de Statistique Canada afin d'estimer le lien entre mobilité géographique et mobilité socioéconomique. Quatre cohortes de jeunes sont suivies à travers le temps : ceux nés entre 1967 et 1970, entre 1972 et 1975, entre 1977 et 1980 et entre 1982 et 1985. Ceci représente un échantillon de près de 1,4 million d’observations. Les auteurs montrent que la détérioration de la mobilité sociale au Québec découle principalement de deux phénomènes : (1) une détérioration du statut socioéconomique des jeunes résidant hors des grands centres urbains à 16 ans et ayant grandi dans une famille au bas de la distribution de revenu, combinée à (2) une amélioration de la situation des jeunes de ces mêmes régions, mais ayant grandi dans une famille au sommet de la distribution de revenu parental. Cette étude contribue à enrichir les connaissances et suggère que des politiques supportant la mobilité géographique pourraient contribuer à augmenter la mobilité sociale au Québec.

Suggested Citation

  • Yacine Boujija & Marie Connolly & Xavier St-Denis, 2023. "Mobilité géographique et transmission intergénérationnelle du revenu au Québec," CIRANO Project Reports 2023rp-11, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirpro:2023rp-11
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    File URL: https://cirano.qc.ca/files/publications/2023RP-11.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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