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Energy Taxes and Natural Gas Demand in EU-Countries

Author

Listed:
  • Frank Asche
  • Petter Osmundsen
  • Ragnar Tveterås

Abstract

Producers or consumers faced with an increase in taxes are usually able to shift parts of it to other levels in the value chain. We examine who is actually bearing the burden of increased energy taxes in the EU-area - consumers or exporters. Traditional tax incidence theory presumes spot markets. Natural gas in the EU-area, however, is to a large extent regulated by incomplete long-term contracts. Still, spot market forces could be indicative for tax shifting, by determining the ex post bargaining power in contract renegotiations. By examining tax shifting in actual gas sales contracts we test whether this is the case. To calculate tax incidence we derive demand elasticities, income elasticities and cross price elasticities for natural gas, oil and electricity, for different market segments (households, industry, power generators) in EU countries. Particular focus is on tax incidence in gas markets regulated by incomplete long-term contracts. Based on our findings we discuss normative energy tax issues related to revenue, environmental obligations and security of supply.

Suggested Citation

  • Frank Asche & Petter Osmundsen & Ragnar Tveterås, 2001. "Energy Taxes and Natural Gas Demand in EU-Countries," CESifo Working Paper Series 516, CESifo.
    • Handle: RePEc:ces:ceswps:_516
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Constanza Fosco Perea Muñoz & Eduardo Saavedra, "undated". "Mercados de Gas Natual: Análisis Comparado de la Experiencia Internacional," ILADES-UAH Working Papers inv150, Universidad Alberto Hurtado/School of Economics and Business.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Energy Markets; incomplete contracts; tax incidence;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • G18 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • H23 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
    • K12 - Law and Economics - - Basic Areas of Law - - - Contract Law
    • L72 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction - - - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources
    • Q48 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Government Policy

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