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Air Pollution in 88 US Metropolitan Areas: Trends and Persistence

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Listed:
  • Guglielmo Maria Caporale
  • Nieves Carmona-González
  • Luis Alberiko Gil-Alana
  • María Fátima Romero Rojo

Abstract

This paper analyses trends and persistence in air pollution levels in 88 US metropolitan areas using fractional integration methods. The results indicate that the differencing parameter d is higher than 0 in 38 of the series, which supports the hypothesis of long-memory behaviour and implies that, although the effects of shocks are long-lived, they eventually die out. The highest degrees of persistence are found in the Fresno, Bakersfield, Bradenton and San Diego areas. On the whole the gathered evidence indicates that regional differences in pollution levels are significant, with factors such as industrialisation history and extreme weather events playing a crucial role in their degree of persistence. This suggests that, in order to tackle pollution more effectively, federal environmental policies, such as the Clean Air Act, should be complemented by more targeted ones taking into account local characteristics.

Suggested Citation

  • Guglielmo Maria Caporale & Nieves Carmona-González & Luis Alberiko Gil-Alana & María Fátima Romero Rojo, 2025. "Air Pollution in 88 US Metropolitan Areas: Trends and Persistence," CESifo Working Paper Series 11827, CESifo.
    • Handle: RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11827
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. DeJong, David N, et al, 1992. "Integration versus Trend Stationarity in Time Series," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 60(2), pages 423-433, March.
    4. Jushan Bai & Pierre Perron, 2003. "Computation and analysis of multiple structural change models," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 18(1), pages 1-22.
    5. C. W. J. Granger & Roselyne Joyeux, 1980. "An Introduction To Long‐Memory Time Series Models And Fractional Differencing," Journal of Time Series Analysis, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 1(1), pages 15-29, January.
    6. Cropper, Maureen L. & Guttikunda, Sarath & Jawahar, Puja & Lazri, Zachary & Malik, Kabir & Song, Xiao-Peng & Yao, Xinlu, 2019. "Applying Benefit-Cost Analysis to Air Pollution Control in the Indian Power Sector," Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 10(S1), pages 185-205, April.
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes
    • Q53 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling

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