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Optimal Banking Arrangements: Liquidity Creation Without Financial Fragility

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  • Maxi Günnewig

  • Yuliyan Mitkov

Abstract

Diamond and Rajan (2000, 2001) argue that banks create liquidity by issuing deposits to fund difficult, illiquid firms that otherwise cannot obtain funding. Since deposits may lead to bank runs, this resulting financial fragility is essential for liquidity creation. We revisit the Diamond-Rajan model of financial intermediation and show that a bank with an optimal financing structure is not subject to runs. Our contract rests on three simple notions. First, each bank creditor has the right to demand repayment at every instant. Second, the repayment is given by the value of a pre- specified fraction of the bank’s assets. Third, some creditors are more senior than others: their repayment demands are prioritized. In contrast to Diamond and Rajan, we find that financial fragility is detrimental to liquidity creation.

Suggested Citation

  • Maxi Günnewig & Yuliyan Mitkov, 2024. "Optimal Banking Arrangements: Liquidity Creation Without Financial Fragility," CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series crctr224_2024_605, University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:bon:boncrc:crctr224_2024_605
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mitkov, Yuliyan, 2024. "A theory of debt maturity and innovation," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    2. George Pennacchi & Alexei Tchistyi, 2019. "On Equilibrium When Contingent Capital Has a Market Trigger: A Correction to Sundaresan and Wang Journal of Finance (2015)," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 74(3), pages 1559-1576, June.
    3. Douglas W. Diamond & Raghuram G. Rajan, 2000. "A Theory of Bank Capital," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 55(6), pages 2431-2465, December.
    4. Dávila, Eduardo & Walther, Ansgar, 2020. "Does size matter? Bailouts with large and small banks," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 136(1), pages 1-22.
    5. Keister, Todd & Mitkov, Yuliyan, 2023. "Allocating losses: Bail-ins, bailouts and bank regulation," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
    6. Oliver Hart & John Moore, 1994. "A Theory of Debt Based on the Inalienability of Human Capital," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 109(4), pages 841-879.
    7. Sudheer Chava & Michael R. Roberts, 2008. "How Does Financing Impact Investment? The Role of Debt Covenants," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 63(5), pages 2085-2121, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Dirk Niepelt, 2025. "Central Bank Digital Currency and Monetary Architecture," Diskussionsschriften dp2509, Universitaet Bern, Departement Volkswirtschaft.

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    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages

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