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Descentralización en Latinoamérica desde una perspectiva de países pequeños: Bolivia, El Salvador, Ecuador y Nicaragua

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Abstract

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es examinar, comparar y extraer lecciones del proceso de descentralización en cuatro países latinoamericanos de pequeño tamaño. Varias lecciones se desprenden de este ejercicio. Primero, el proceso de descentralización puede ser virtualmente tan exigente y complejo en un país pequeño, como Nicaragua, como en un país muchas veces mayor, como México. Segundo, no existe una forma única y superior de descentralización fiscal. Tercero, consciente ó inconscientemente los países toman la decisión, con grandes consecuencias, de reformar el proceso de descentralización de una forma evolutiva y gradual, ó de una forma comprensiva y de golpe. Cuarto, el proceso de descentralización se puede realizar reforzando y apoyando las instituciones tradicionales descentralizadas, en particular los municipios, ó se puede realizar creando nuevas instituciones descentralizadas. Quinto, aunque la descentralización somete retos técnicos importantes, la descentralización es inminentemente un proceso político exigido a veces desde abajo ó como una solución desde arriba. La discusión se concentra en seis áreas principales: estructura vertical del gobierno, asignación de ingresos y sistema de transferencias, asignación de gastos, proceso presupuestario municipal y acceso al crédito por los municipios.

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  • Francisco Javier Arz & Jorge Martinez-Vazquez, 2003. "Descentralización en Latinoamérica desde una perspectiva de países pequeños: Bolivia, El Salvador, Ecuador y Nicaragua," International Center for Public Policy Working Paper Series, at AYSPS, GSU paper0303, International Center for Public Policy, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University.
    • Handle: RePEc:ays:ispwps:paper0303
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    1. Dillinger,William R. & Webb,Steven Benjamin, 1999. "Fiscal management in federal democracies : Argentina and Brazil," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2121, The World Bank.
    2. William Dillinger & Steven B. Webb, 1999. "Fiscal management in federal democracies: Argentina and Brazil," Económica, Departamento de Economía, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, vol. 0(3), pages 423-483.
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    Cited by:

    1. Roy Bahl & Jorge Martinez-Vazquez, 2013. "Sequencing Fiscal Decentralization," Annals of Economics and Finance, Society for AEF, vol. 14(2), pages 641-687, November.

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