IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/arx/papers/2603.21932.html

Multilateral Market Power in Input-Output Networks

Author

Listed:
  • Matteo Bizzarri

Abstract

This paper models firm-to-firm trade in a production network as a set of double auctions. Firms have multilateral market power, namely, can affect prices in both input and output markets. The size and division of surplus are endogenous and depend only on technology, network position, and consumer preferences. The standard simplifying assumption of price-taking on input markets (unilateral market power) has systematic effects: it underestimates the final price and overestimates the surplus going upstream. These phenomena affect the model predictions for the welfare impact of mergers.

Suggested Citation

  • Matteo Bizzarri, 2026. "Multilateral Market Power in Input-Output Networks," Papers 2603.21932, arXiv.org.
  • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2603.21932
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.21932
    File Function: Latest version
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. José Azar & Xavier Vives, 2021. "Reply to: Comments on “General Equilibrium Oligopoly and Ownership Structure”," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 89(3), pages 1061-1063, May.
    2. Mert Demirer & Michael Rubens, 2025. "Welfare Effects of Buyer and Seller Power," NBER Working Papers 33371, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Joel Kariel & Jakob Schneebacher & Mike Walker, 2024. "Competition policy and labour market power: new evidence and open questions," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press and Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited, vol. 40(4), pages 787-807.
    4. Vanessa Alvariez & Michele Fioretti & Ayumu Ken Kikkawa & Monica Morlacco, 2022. "Two-Sided Market Power in Firm-to-Firm Trade," Sciences Po Economics Publications (main) hal-03795736, HAL.
    5. Rémi Avignon & Claire Chambolle & Etienne Guigue & Hugo Molina, 2025. "Markups, Markdowns, and Bargaining in Vertical Supply Chains," Working Papers hal-05213587, HAL.
    6. Matteo Bizzarri, 2025. "General equilibrium with competition in schedules and input-output networks: an existence result," CSEF Working Papers 765, Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance (CSEF), University of Naples, Italy.
    7. Joel P. Flynn & George Nikolakoudis & Karthik A. Sastry, 2026. "A Theory of Supply Function Choice and Aggregate Supply," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 116(2), pages 710-748, February.
    8. Matthew L Elliott & Sanjeev Goyal & Alexander Teytelboym, 2019. "Networks and economic policy," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press and Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited, vol. 35(4), pages 565-585.
    9. José Azar & Ioana Marinescu, 2024. "Monopsony Power in the Labor Market: From Theory to Policy," Annual Review of Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 16(1), pages 491-518, August.
    10. Daron Acemoglu & Alireza Tahbaz-Salehi, 2025. "The Macroeconomics of Supply Chain Disruptions," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 92(2), pages 656-695.
    11. Marzena Rostek & Ji Hee Yoon, 2025. "Financial Product Design in Decentralized Markets," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 133(3), pages 888-934.
    12. Semyon Malamud & Marzena Rostek, 2017. "Decentralized Exchange," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 107(11), pages 3320-3362, November.
    13. Glenn Magerman & Karolien De Bruyne & Jan Van Hove, 2020. "Pecking order and core‐periphery in international trade," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(4), pages 1113-1141, September.
    14. Natalia Lazzati, 2013. "Comparison of equilibrium actions and payoffs across players in games of strategic complements," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 54(3), pages 777-788, November.
    15. Klemperer, Paul D & Meyer, Margaret A, 1989. "Supply Function Equilibria in Oligopoly under Uncertainty," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 57(6), pages 1243-1277, November.
    16. Holmberg, Pär & Ruddell, Keith & Willems, Bert, 2025. "Multi-Product Supply Function Equilibria," Working Paper Series 1537, Research Institute of Industrial Economics.
    17. Bruno Pellegrino, 2025. "Product Differentiation and Oligopoly: A Network Approach," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 115(4), pages 1170-1225, April.
    18. Matteo Bizzarri & Fernando Vega-Redondo, 2024. "Common Ownership in Production Networks," CSEF Working Papers 707, Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance (CSEF), University of Naples, Italy, revised 16 Oct 2025.
    19. Lawrence M. Ausubel & Peter Cramton & Marek Pycia & Marzena Rostek & Marek Weretka, 2014. "Demand Reduction and Inefficiency in Multi-Unit Auctions," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 81(4), pages 1366-1400.
    20. Robert Wilson, 2008. "Supply Function Equilibrium in a Constrained Transmission System," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 56(2), pages 369-382, April.
    21. Xavier Vives, 2011. "Strategic Supply Function Competition With Private Information," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 79(6), pages 1919-1966, November.
    22. Basile Grassi, 2017. "IO in I-O: Competition and Volatility in Input-Output Networks," 2017 Meeting Papers 1637, Society for Economic Dynamics.
    23. Matthew Elliott & Andrea Galeotti, 2019. "The role of networks in antitrust investigations," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press and Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited, vol. 35(4), pages 614-637.
    24. David Rezza Baqaee & Emmanuel Farhi, 2020. "Productivity and Misallocation in General Equilibrium," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 135(1), pages 105-163.
    25. Kenneth Hendricks & R. Preston Mcafee, 2010. "A Theory Of Bilateral Oligopoly," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 48(2), pages 391-414, April.
    26. David Rezza Baqaee, 2018. "Cascading Failures in Production Networks," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 86(5), pages 1819-1838, September.
    27. Joseph J. Spengler, 1950. "Vertical Integration and Antitrust Policy," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 58(4), pages 347-347.
    28. José Azar & Xavier Vives, 2021. "General Equilibrium Oligopoly and Ownership Structure," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 89(3), pages 999-1048, May.
    29. Andrew B. Bernard & Emmanuel Dhyne & Glenn Magerman & Kalina Manova & Andreas Moxnes, 2022. "The Origins of Firm Heterogeneity: A Production Network Approach," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 130(7), pages 1765-1804.
    30. Holmberg, P. & Philpott, A.B., 2018. "On supply-function equilibria in radial transmission networks," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 271(3), pages 985-1000.
    31. Weretka, Marek, 2011. "Endogenous market power," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 146(6), pages 2281-2306.
    32. Michael A. Salinger, 1988. "Vertical Mergers and Market Foreclosure," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 103(2), pages 345-356.
    33. David Rezza Baqaee & Emmanuel Farhi, 2019. "The Macroeconomic Impact of Microeconomic Shocks: Beyond Hulten's Theorem," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 87(4), pages 1155-1203, July.
    34. Marzena Rostek & Ji Hee Yoon, 2021. "Exchange Design and Efficiency," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 89(6), pages 2887-2928, November.
    35. Jan De Loecker & Jan Eeckhout & Gabriel Unger, 2020. "The Rise of Market Power and the Macroeconomic Implications [“Econometric Tools for Analyzing Market Outcomes”]," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 135(2), pages 561-644.
    36. Hubbard, R Glenn & Weiner, Robert J, 1991. "Efficient Contracting and Market Power: Evidence from the U.S. Natural Gas Industry," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 34(1), pages 25-67, April.
    37. Emmanuel Dhyne & Ayumu Ken Kikkawa & Glenn Magerman, 2022. "Imperfect Competition in Firm-to-Firm Trade," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 20(5), pages 1933-1970.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Matteo Bizzarri, 2025. "General equilibrium with competition in schedules and input-output networks: an existence result," CSEF Working Papers 765, Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance (CSEF), University of Naples, Italy.
    2. Huang, Hanwei & Manova, Kalina & Perello, Oscar & Pisch, Frank, 2024. "Firm heterogeneity and imperfect competition in global production networks," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 126808, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    3. Emmanuel Dhyne & Ayumu Ken Kikkawa & Glenn Magerman, 2022. "Imperfect Competition in Firm-to-Firm Trade," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 20(5), pages 1933-1970.
    4. Pär Holmberg & Keith Ruddell & Bert Willems, 2025. "Multi-product supply function equilibria," Working Papers EPRG2522, Energy Policy Research Group, Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge.
    5. Bizzarri, Matteo & Vega-Redondo, Fernando, 2024. "Common Ownership in Production Networks," UC3M Working papers. Economics 43949, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Economía.
    6. Huangfu, Bingchao & Liu, Heng, 2025. "Information spillover in markets with heterogeneous traders," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 223(C).
    7. Matteo Bizzarri & Fernando Vega-Redondo, 2025. "The effect of Common Ownership and Input-Output networks: the case of the Spanish Economy," Working Papers 25-05, NET Institute.
    8. Jason Allen & Milena Wittwer, 2023. "Intermediary Market Power and Capital Constraints," Staff Working Papers 23-51, Bank of Canada.
    9. David Rezza Baqaee & Emmanuel Farhi, 2018. "Macroeconomics with Heterogeneous Agents and Input-Output Networks," NBER Working Papers 24684, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    10. Bayona, Anna & Manzano, Carolina, 2024. "Competition in schedules with cursed traders," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    11. Elliott, M. & Jackson, M. O., 2024. "Supply Chain Disruptions, the Structure of Production Networks, and the Impact of Globalization," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 2424, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    12. Conteduca, Francesco Paolo & Panon, Ludovic, 2024. "Natural Disasters and Markups," MPRA Paper 125324, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    13. David Rezza Baqaee & Emmanuel Farhi, 2020. "Productivity and Misallocation in General Equilibrium," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 135(1), pages 105-163.
    14. Vanessa Alviarez & Michele Fioretti & Ken Kikkawa & Monica Morlacco, 2025. "Concentration and Markups in International Trade," CESifo Working Paper Series 12046, CESifo.
    15. Vanessa Alvariez & Michele Fioretti & Ayumu Ken Kikkawa & Monica Morlacco, 2022. "Two-Sided Market Power in Firm-to-Firm Trade," Sciences Po Economics Publications (main) hal-03795736, HAL.
    16. Masaki Miyashita, 2026. "Characteristics Design: A Hedonic Approach to Optimal Product Differentiation," Papers 2601.21573, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2026.
    17. Michele Fioretti & Junnan He & Jorge Tamayo, 2024. "Prices and Concentration: A U-Shape? Theory and Evidence from Renewables," Working Papers hal-04631762, HAL.
    18. Dhyne, Emmanuel & Kikkawa, Ayumu Ken & Kong, Xianglong & Mogstad, Magne & Tintelnot, Felix, 2023. "Endogenous production networks with fixed costs," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    19. Michail Anthropelos & Constantinos Kardaras & Georgios Vichos, 2020. "Effective risk aversion in thin risk‐sharing markets," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(4), pages 1565-1590, October.
    20. Wittwer, Milena, 2020. "Interconnected pay-as-bid auctions," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 506-530.

    More about this item

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2603.21932. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: arXiv administrators (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://arxiv.org/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.