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The Effects of Smartphones on Well-Being: Theoretical Integration and Research Agenda

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  • Kostadin Kushlev
  • Matthew R Leitao

Abstract

As smartphones become ever more integrated in peoples lives, a burgeoning new area of research has emerged on their well-being effects. We propose that disparate strands of research and apparently contradictory findings can be integrated under three basic hypotheses, positing that smartphones influence well-being by (1) replacing other activities (displacement hypothesis), (2) interfering with concurrent activities (interference hypothesis), and (3) affording access to information and activities that would otherwise be unavailable (complementarity hypothesis). Using this framework, we highlight methodological issues and go beyond net effects to examine how and when phones boost versus hurt well-being. We examine both psychological and contextual mediators and moderators of the effects, thus outlining an agenda for future research.

Suggested Citation

  • Kostadin Kushlev & Matthew R Leitao, 2020. "The Effects of Smartphones on Well-Being: Theoretical Integration and Research Agenda," Papers 2005.09100, arXiv.org.
  • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2005.09100
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Meredith E. David & James A. Roberts, 2017. "Phubbed and Alone: Phone Snubbing, Social Exclusion, and Attachment to Social Media," Journal of the Association for Consumer Research, University of Chicago Press, vol. 2(2), pages 155-163.
    2. Matthew A Christensen & Laura Bettencourt & Leanne Kaye & Sai T Moturu & Kaylin T Nguyen & Jeffrey E Olgin & Mark J Pletcher & Gregory M Marcus, 2016. "Direct Measurements of Smartphone Screen-Time: Relationships with Demographics and Sleep," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(11), pages 1-14, November.
    3. Amy Orben & Andrew K. Przybylski, 2019. "The association between adolescent well-being and digital technology use," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 3(2), pages 173-182, February.
    4. Lanaj, Klodiana & Johnson, Russell E. & Barnes, Christopher M., 2014. "Beginning the workday yet already depleted? Consequences of late-night smartphone use and sleep," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 124(1), pages 11-23.
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    Cited by:

    1. Shuna Shiann Khoo & Hwajin Yang, 2021. "Smartphone Addiction and Checking Behaviors Predict Aggression: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-10, December.

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