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An open economy model for estimating non-observable variables for Costa Rica

Author

Listed:
  • Carlos Segura-Rodriguez

    (Department of Economic Research, Central Bank of Costa Rica)

Abstract

This study develops an open-economy structural model for Costa Rica to estimate key latent variables for monetary policy. Building upon the estimation by Segura-Rodriguez (2024), this model endogenizes the evolution of the real exchange rate, incorporates the duality between the regular regime and the special production regimes, and includes the estimation of long-term inflation as an anchor for inflationary behavior. The estimation, conducted using Bayesian techniques, reveals that the regular regime is the primary transmission channel for local monetary policy and the main determinant of both the neutral real interest rate and the long-term real exchange rate. In contrast, the special regime, driven by external factors, exhibits higher potential growth and generates positive long-term linkages toward the regular regime. The neutral real interest rate is estimated to be near 1,60% for the most recent periods, similar to the results obtained by Segura-Rodriguez (2024). Furthermore, evidence indicates that long-term inflation has hovered around 3% for approximately a decade. A counterfactual exercise for the 2023-2024 period shows that a looser monetary policy stance would have stimulated local production and mitigated the sharp currency appreciation, while having a significant, though small, impact on the price level. ***RESUMEN: Esta investigación desarrolla un modelo estructural de economía abierta para Costa Rica que estima variables latentes clave para la política monetaria. Con respecto a la estimación de Segura- Rodriguez (2024), se endogeniza la evolución del tipo de cambio real, se incorpora la dualidad entre el régimen definitivo y los regímenes especiales de producción, y se incluye la estimación de la inflación de largo plazo como nivel ancla para el comportamiento de la inflación. La estimación que se realiza con técnicas bayesianas revela que el régimen definitivo es el principal canal de transmisión de la política monetaria local y el mayor determinante tanto de la tasa de interés real neutral como del tipo de cambio real de largo plazo. En contraste, el régimen especial, impulsado por factores externos, presenta un crecimiento potencial superior y genera encadenamientos positivos, en el largo plazo, hacia el régimen definitivo. La estimación de la tasa de interés real neutral se encuentra cerca del 1,60% para los últimos periodos, similar a la estimada por Segura-Rodriguez (2024). Asimismo, se evidencia que la inflación de largo plazo ha oscilado alrededor del 3% por cerca de una década. Se presenta un ejercicio contrafactual para el periodo 2023-2024 que muestra que una postura monetaria más laxa habría dinamizado la producción local, mitigado la fuerte apreciación cambiaria, y generado un impacto significativo, aunque pequeño, sobre el nivel de precios.

Suggested Citation

  • Carlos Segura-Rodriguez, 2026. "An open economy model for estimating non-observable variables for Costa Rica," Documentos de Trabajo 2604, Banco Central de Costa Rica.
  • Handle: RePEc:apk:doctra:2604
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    File URL: https://repositorioinvestigaciones.bccr.fi.cr/handle/20.500.12506/531
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • F41 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Open Economy Macroeconomics
    • C11 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Bayesian Analysis: General
    • C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models

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