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The Association Between Vaccination Status Identification and Societal Polarization

Author

Listed:
  • Luca Henkel

    (Department of Economics, University of Bonn, Germany)

  • Philipp Sprengholz

    (Media and Communication Science, University of Erfurt, Germany; Health Communication, Implementation Science, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany)

  • Lars Korn

    (Media and Communication Science, University of Erfurt, Germany; Health Communication, Implementation Science, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany; Center for Empirical Research in Economics and Behavioral Sciences, University of Erfurt, Germany)

  • Cornelia Betsch

    (Media and Communication Science, University of Erfurt, Germany; Health Communication, Implementation Science, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany; Center for Empirical Research in Economics and Behavioral Sciences, University of Erfurt, Germany)

  • Robert Böhm

    (Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Copenhagen Center for Social Data Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark)

Abstract

Public discord between those vaccinated and those unvaccinated for COVID-19 has intensified globally. Theories of intergroup relations propose that identifying with one’s social group plays a key role in the perceptions and behaviors that fuel intergroup conflict. We test whether identification with one’s vaccination status is associated with current societal polarization. The study draws on panel data from samples of vaccinated (n = 3,267) and unvaccinated (n = 2,038) respondents in Germany and Austria that were collected in December 2021, February, March, and July 2022. The findings confirm that vaccination status identification (VSI) explains substantial variance in a range of polarizing attitudes and behaviors. VSI was also related to higher psychological reactance toward mandatory vaccination policies among the unvaccinated. Higher levels of VSI reduced the gap between intended and actual counter-behaviors over time by the unvaccinated. VSI appears to be an important measure for predicting behavioral responses to vaccination policies.

Suggested Citation

  • Luca Henkel & Philipp Sprengholz & Lars Korn & Cornelia Betsch & Robert Böhm, 2022. "The Association Between Vaccination Status Identification and Societal Polarization," ECONtribute Discussion Papers Series 197, University of Bonn and University of Cologne, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:ajk:ajkdps:197
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    File URL: https://www.econtribute.de/RePEc/ajk/ajkdps/ECONtribute_197_2022.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Böhm, Robert & Rusch, Hannes & Baron, Jonathan, 2020. "The psychology of intergroup conflict: A review of theories and measures," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 947-962.
    2. Shanto Iyengar & Sean J. Westwood, 2015. "Fear and Loathing Across Party Lines: New Evidence on Group Polarization," American Journal of Political Science, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 59(3), pages 690-707, July.
    3. Smriti Mallapaty, 2022. "Researchers fear growing COVID vaccine hesitancy in developing nations," Nature, Nature, vol. 601(7892), pages 174-175, January.
    4. Katrin Schmelz & Samuel Bowles, 2022. "Opposition to voluntary and mandated COVID-19 vaccination as a dynamic process: Evidence and policy implications of changing beliefs," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 119(13), pages 2118721119-, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Wood, Reed M. & Juanchich, Marie & Ramirez, Mark & Zhang, Shenghao, 2023. "Promoting COVID-19 vaccine confidence through public responses to misinformation: The joint influence of message source and message content," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).
    2. Mustafa Kaba & Murat Koyuncu & Sebastian O. Schneider & Matthias Sutter, 2023. "Social Norms, Political Polarization, and Vaccination Attitudes: Evidence from a Survey Experiment in Turkey," Discussion Paper Series of the Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods 2023_08, Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Vaccination; Identification; Discrimination; Mandates; COVID-19;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D91 - Microeconomics - - Micro-Based Behavioral Economics - - - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making

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