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Analisis del sistema argentino de investigacion agropecuaria

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  • Parellada, Gabriel H.
  • Ekboir, Javier M.

Abstract

El sector agropecuario ha desempeñado siempre un papel fundamental en la economía argentina. En la segunda mitad del siglo XX, los productos de origen pampeano tuvieron un fuerte crecimiento gracias a la adopción masiva de nuevas tecnologías de comercialización y producción. Estas tecnologías fueron desarrolladas por redes de agentes que incluyeron en forma prominente productores innovadores, empresas privadas e investigadores de instituciones públicas. Sin embargo, las instituciones mismas tuvieron una participación limitada, y su mayor impacto se derivó del desarrollo de semillas mejoradas de los principales cultivos pampeanos. En la primera mitad del siglo XX, Argentina construyó un sistema público de investigación fuerte, localizado fundamentalmente en las universidades nacionales. Una característica del sistema es que estaba organizado en base a una concepción lineal de la ciencia, la que desincentivaba las colaboraciones interdisciplinarias, interinstitucionales y/o con agentes que no fueran investigadores formales. A partir de la década del 50, Argentina creó un número de institutos tecnológicos destinados a prestar apoyo técnico a las políticas públicas. El sistema público comenzó a deteriorase por cuestiones políticas y económicas a partir del golpe de estado de 1966 y no ha podido recuperarse hasta la fecha. En la década del 90 hubo algunos intentos de reformar el sistema público, pero estos esfuerzos no tuvieron éxito por falta de continuidad y de recursos. A pesar del deterioro del sistema público de investigación, el sector privado argentino (especialmente las empresas proveedoras de insumos y asociaciones de productores) generó una oferta continua de innovaciones. La característica de estas innovaciones es que no requerían inversiones importantes en investigación (por ejemplo, tecnologías de manejo de cultivos) o eran importadas directamente de los países desarrollados (por ejemplo, agroquímicos).

Suggested Citation

  • Parellada, Gabriel H. & Ekboir, Javier M., 2003. "Analisis del sistema argentino de investigacion agropecuaria," Economics Working Papers 7694, CIMMYT: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:cimmew:7694
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.7694
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wallace E. Huffman & Richard E. Just, 2000. "Setting Efficient Incentives for Agricultural Research: Lessons from Principal-Agent Theory," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 82(4), pages 828-841.
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