Size and Growth of the United States Crop Insurance Portfolio, 2025

This report documents long-run changes in the size, composition, and structure of the United States Federal Crop Insurance Program (FCIP) from 2006 to 2025. Using administrative records from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Risk Management Agency, the analysis examines insured liabilities and net reported acres across the program’s major commodity groupings; field crops, fruits, nuts, vegetables, nurseries, forage, whole-farm coverage, and a residual other-commodities category. Across nearly all commodity groups, insured liabilities have grown faster than insured acres, a pattern consistent with rising insured values and higher coverage intensity rather than broad acreage expansion. Field crops continue to account for most insured liabilities, while specialty-crop coverage displays heterogeneous growth paths shaped by the distinction between tree (stock) and output policies and by differences in product design. Nursery coverage is the only major group whose insured exposure ended the period below its mid-2000s level. The most pronounced structural change is the expansion of the index-based pasture, rangeland, and forage insurance plan, which simultaneously raised insured acres and liabilities and shifted a larger share of program exposure onto weather-correlated, spatially concentrated risk.