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Merger Waves: Theory and Evidence

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  • Jinghua Yan

    (The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, USA;
    SAC Capital, USA)

Abstract

This paper presents a model that incorporates product market competition into the standard neoclassical framework. The model explains why value-maximizing firms conduct mergers that appear to lower shareholder value. In a Cournot setting, the model demonstrates a prisoners' dilemma for merging firms in a merger wave. Consistent with the model's implications, the paper empirically documents that horizontal mergers are followed by substantially worse performance when they occur during waves. Moreover, further empirical tests show that the empirical relation between performance and merger waves is independent of the method of payment and increasing in the acquirer's managerial ownership. These findings are difficult to reconcile with alternative interpretations from existing theories.

Suggested Citation

  • Jinghua Yan, 2011. "Merger Waves: Theory and Evidence," Quarterly Journal of Finance (QJF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 1(03), pages 551-606.
    • Handle: RePEc:wsi:qjfxxx:v:01:y:2011:i:03:n:s201013921100016x
    DOI: 10.1142/S201013921100016X
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Song, Moon H. & Walkling, Ralph A., 2004. "Anticipation, Acquisitions and the Bidder Return Puzzle," Working Paper Series 2004-15, Ohio State University, Charles A. Dice Center for Research in Financial Economics.
    2. Jozsef Molnar, 2002. "Preemptive Horizontal Mergers: Theory and Evidence," CERS-IE WORKING PAPERS 0213, Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies.
    3. Gary Gorton & Matthias Kahl & Richard Rosen, 2005. "Eat or Be Eaten: A Theory of Mergers and Merger Waves," NBER Working Papers 11364, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    4. Pavel G. Savor & Qi Lu, 2009. "Do Stock Mergers Create Value for Acquirers?," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 64(3), pages 1061-1097, June.
    5. Kevin Gardiner, 2006. "The market for mergers and the boundaries of the firm," CESifo Forum, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 7(01), pages 9-16, April.
    6. Ray Sugata & Warusawitharana Missaka, 2009. "An Efficiency Perspective on the Gains from Mergers and Asset Purchases," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 9(1), pages 1-27, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Igor Semenenko, 2019. "Rumor Mill and Merger Waves: Analysis of Aggregate Market Activity," Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 9(2), pages 1-5.
    2. Fonkam Mongwa Nkam & Akume Daniel Akume & Molem Christopher Sama, 2020. "Macroeconomic Drivers of Private Equity Penetration in Sub-Saharan African Countries," International Business Research, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 13(1), pages 192-205, January.

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