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Child Poverty and Gender and Location Disparities in Zimbabwe: A Multidimensional Deprivation Approach

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  • Anthony S. Musiwa

Abstract

Despite global progress in the last 20 years in measuring multidimensional child poverty, most studies have focused on all children generally. This approach distorts how poverty affects differently aged and situated children. By measuring multidimensional child poverty among children ages five years and below in Zimbabwe (N = 6,418) and analyzing how this problem is correlated with gender and location, respectively, this article attempts to address such knowledge gaps. Using a rights‐based deprivation approach, 14 deprivation variables are selected from Zimbabwe’s 2015 Demographic and Health Survey secondary data. The items are tested for validity, reliability, and additivity, and deprivation estimates are established for those which are valid, reliable, and additive. Thereafter, their correlations with gender and location, separately, are computed. Analysis demonstrates that the most common deprivation forms among the children are early childhood development (78 percent), water (46 percent), health care (44 percent), sanitation (40 percent), shelter (30 percent), and nutrition (13 percent), separately. While there are quite negligible share differences between deprived boys and girls, all deprivations are highest in rural areas. Although all deprivations have largely insignificant correlations with gender, most are significantly correlated with location. Ultimately, the article highlights key disparity areas for effective antichild poverty interventions and future child poverty research. 尽管过去二十年在衡量多维儿童贫困方面取得了全球性进展,但大多数研究都把重点粗略放在所有儿童身上。这种做法扭曲了贫困对不同年龄和不同处境儿童的影响。本文通过测量津巴布韦5岁及以下儿童(N=6418)的多维儿童贫困情况,并分析这一问题如何分别与性别和地点相关,从而试图弥补这一知识缺口。笔者采用基于权利的贫困方法,从津巴布韦2015年人口与健康调查次要数据中选出了14个贫困变量。笔者测试了这些变量的有效性、可信度和附加性,并对其中有效可靠的附加变量进行了贫困估计。然后,笔者又分别计算了这些附加变量与性别和地点的相关性。分析表明,儿童最常见的贫困形式分别是幼儿期发育(78%)、水(46%)、医疗保健(44%)、卫生(40%)、住所(30%)和营养(13%)。虽然贫困男孩和女孩之间的比例差别微乎其微,但农村地区的所有贫困变量比例都是最高的。虽然所有的贫困变量与性别基本无关,但大多数都与地点显著相关。最后,本文强调了一些关键差异领域以便采取儿童减贫有效干预措施和开展未来儿童贫困研究。 A pesar del progreso global en los últimos veinte años en la medición de la pobreza infantil multidimensional, la mayoría de los estudios se han centrado en todos los niños en general. Este enfoque distorsiona cómo la pobreza afecta de manera diferente a los niños de edad y situados. Al medir la pobreza infantil multidimensional entre los niños de cinco años o menos en Zimbabwe (N = 6418) y analizar cómo este problema se correlaciona con el género y la ubicación, respectivamente, este artículo intenta abordar esas brechas de conocimiento. Utilizando un enfoque de privación basado en derechos, se seleccionan catorce variables de privación de los datos secundarios de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud de 2015 en Zimbabwe. Los ítems se someten a pruebas de validez, confiabilidad y aditividad y se establecen estimaciones de privación para aquellos que son válidos, confiables y aditivos. A partir de entonces, se calculan sus correlaciones con el género y la ubicación, por separado. El análisis demuestra que las formas de privación más comunes entre los niños son el desarrollo infantil temprano (78%), el agua (46%), la atención médica (44%), el saneamiento (40%), la vivienda (30%) y la nutrición (13%), por separado. Si bien hay diferencias de participación bastante insignificantes entre los niños y las niñas desfavorecidos, todas las privaciones son más altas en las zonas rurales. Si bien todas las privaciones tienen correlaciones en gran medida insignificantes con el género, la mayoría están significativamente correlacionadas con la ubicación. En última instancia, el artículo destaca áreas clave de disparidad para intervenciones eficaces contra la pobreza infantil y futuras investigaciones sobre la pobreza infantil.

Suggested Citation

  • Anthony S. Musiwa, 2019. "Child Poverty and Gender and Location Disparities in Zimbabwe: A Multidimensional Deprivation Approach," Poverty & Public Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 11(1-2), pages 99-137, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:povpop:v:11:y:2019:i:1-2:p:99-137
    DOI: 10.1002/pop4.246
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    2. Diego García‐Vélez & José J. Nuñez Velázquez, 2021. "A network analysis approach in multidimensional poverty," Poverty & Public Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 13(1), pages 59-68, March.

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