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Have U.S. gun buyback programs misfired?

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  • Toshio Ferrazares
  • Joseph J. Sabia
  • D. Mark Anderson

Abstract

Gun buyback programs (GBPs), which use public funds to purchase civilians' privately‐owned firearms, aim to reduce gun violence. However, next to nothing is known about their effects on firearm‐related crime or deaths. Using data from the National Incident Based Reporting System, we find no evidence that GBPs reduce gun crime. Given our estimated null findings, with 95% confidence, we can rule out decreases in firearm‐related crime of greater than 1.2% during the year following a buyback. Using data from the National Vital Statistics System, we also find no evidence that GBPs reduce suicides or homicides where a firearm was involved. These results call into question the efficacy of city gun buyback programs in their current form.

Suggested Citation

  • Toshio Ferrazares & Joseph J. Sabia & D. Mark Anderson, 2025. "Have U.S. gun buyback programs misfired?," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(4), pages 1211-1249, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:jpamgt:v:44:y:2025:i:4:p:1211-1249
    DOI: 10.1002/pam.70045
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