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Investing in Public Infrastructure in the Philippines: An Input‐Output Analysis

Author

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  • Emmanuel M. Preña
  • Philip Arnold P. Tuaño

Abstract

Understanding the impact of public infrastructure investment (PII) on the Philippine economy is essential for designing policies that maximize economic growth, job creation, and sectoral development. This study evaluates the macroeconomic effects of scaling up infrastructure investment using an Input‐Output (IO) analysis model. Unlike aggregate‐level assessments, it disaggregates effects across sectors to uncover differential multiplier responses and interindustry linkages. Public infrastructure activities were treated as exogenous, and the study applied multiplier analysis, sectoral linkage assessment, income multiplier estimation, and simulation analysis to measure its impact on GDP, employment, and sectoral output. The findings identify manufacturing, transportation, and agriculture as the most influential sectors due to their strong interindustry linkages and capacity to generate broad‐based economic benefits. The manufacturing sector exhibits the highest input (3.31) and output (2.57) multipliers, reinforcing its role in industrial expansion and value chain integration. Transportation and storage (2.38) and construction (2.32) also emerge as critical areas, supporting mobility, trade, and investment. Agriculture, while less integrated, shows strong output potential when investments target productivity and supply chain integration. The income multiplier analysis highlights the role of public administration and education in household income generation, though with limited indirect spillovers. In contrast, manufacturing, transportation, and utilities demonstrate higher multiplier effects, which substantiate their ability in stimulating economic activity. Simulation results reveal that targeted infrastructure investment yields a 1.27 percentage point higher GDP and creates over 2.2 million more jobs compared to a business‐as‐usual approach. Findings emphasize the need for strategic allocation in high‐multiplier sectors to maximize economic resilience, structural transformation, and inclusive growth in the Philippines. These insights contribute to the policy debate on optimizing fiscal spending by linking infrastructure priorities with measurable economic returns. 了解公共基础设施投资(PII)对菲律宾经济的影响, 对于制定最大化经济增长、创造就业机会和促进行业发展的政策至关重要。本研究使用投入产出(IO)分析模型来评估“扩大基础设施投资”一事的宏观经济效应。与总体水平的评估不同, 本研究将效应分解到各个部门, 以揭示不同的乘数响应和行业间联系。公共基础设施活动被视为外生因素, 本研究运用乘数分析、行业联系评估、收入乘数估计和模拟分析来衡量其对GDP、就业和行业产出的影响。研究结果表明, 制造业、交通运输业和农业是最具影响力的行业, 因为它们具有强大的行业间联系, 并能够产生广泛的经济效益。制造业的投入乘数(3.31)和产出乘数(2.57)最高, 这强化了其在产业扩张和价值链整合中的作用。运输和仓储(2.38)以及建筑业(2.32)也成为支撑流动性、贸易和投资的关键领域。农业虽然一体化程度较低, 但当投资以生产力和供应链整合为目标时, 其产出潜力巨大。收入乘数分析强调了公共行政和教育在家庭创收中的作用, 尽管间接溢出效应有限。相比之下, 制造业、运输业和公用事业表现出更高的乘数效应, 这证实了它们刺激经济活动的能力。模拟结果表明, 与“一切照旧”的做法相比, 有针对性的基础设施投资可使GDP增长1.27个百分点, 并创造超过220万个就业岗位。研究结果强调, 需要对高乘数行业进行战略性配置, 以最大限度地提高菲律宾的经济复原力、结构转型和包容性增长。这些见解有助于将基础设施优先事项与可衡量的经济回报联系起来, 从而优化财政支出的政策辩论。 Comprender el impacto de la inversión en infraestructura pública (IIP) en la economía filipina es esencial para diseñar políticas que maximicen el crecimiento económico, la creación de empleo y el desarrollo sectorial. Este estudio evalúa los efectos macroeconómicos del aumento de la inversión en infraestructura mediante un modelo de análisis de insumo‐producto (IP). A diferencia de las evaluaciones a nivel agregado, este desagrega los efectos entre sectores para descubrir respuestas multiplicadoras diferenciales y vínculos interindustriales. Las actividades de infraestructura pública se consideraron exógenas, y el estudio aplicó análisis de multiplicadores, evaluación de vínculos sectoriales, estimación del multiplicador de ingresos y análisis de simulación para medir su impacto en el PIB, el empleo y la producción sectorial. Los hallazgos identifican la manufactura, el transporte y la agricultura como los sectores más influyentes debido a sus fuertes vínculos interindustriales y su capacidad para generar amplios beneficios económicos. El sector manufacturero presenta los mayores multiplicadores de insumo (3,31) y de producto (2,57), lo que refuerza su papel en la expansión industrial y la integración de la cadena de valor. El transporte y el almacenamiento (2.38) y la construcción (2.32) también emergen como áreas críticas, impulsando la movilidad, el comercio y la inversión. La agricultura, si bien está menos integrada, muestra un fuerte potencial de producción cuando las inversiones se centran en la productividad y la integración de la cadena de suministro. El análisis del multiplicador de ingresos destaca el papel de la administración pública y la educación en la generación de ingresos de los hogares, aunque con efectos indirectos limitados. Por el contrario, la manufactura, el transporte y los servicios públicos muestran mayores efectos multiplicadores, lo que confirma su capacidad para estimular la actividad económica. Los resultados de la simulación revelan que la inversión en infraestructuras específicas genera un aumento del PIB de 1,27 puntos porcentuales y crea más de 2,2 millones de empleos adicionales en comparación con un enfoque tradicional. Los hallazgos enfatizan la necesidad de una asignación estratégica en sectores con alto potencial multiplicador para maximizar la resiliencia económica, la transformación estructural y el crecimiento inclusivo en Filipinas. Estos hallazgos contribuyen al debate político sobre la optimización del gasto fiscal al vincular las prioridades de infraestructura con la rentabilidad económica mensurable.

Suggested Citation

  • Emmanuel M. Preña & Philip Arnold P. Tuaño, 2026. "Investing in Public Infrastructure in the Philippines: An Input‐Output Analysis," Journal of Critical Infrastructure Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 7(1), January.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:crtinf:v:7:y:2026:i:1:n:e70004
    DOI: 10.1002/jci3.70004
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    References listed on IDEAS

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