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The Effect of Service Capability on Operating Costs: An Empirical Study of Ontario Hospitals

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  • RAMJI BALAKRISHNAN
  • THOMAS GRUCA
  • DEEPIKA NATH

Abstract

. We examine variations in the relation between a hospital's level of service capability and the operating costs of its departments and activities (e.g., surgery, laboratory, laundry). We propose a model of the hospital as a set of concentric, interrelated services organized around a core mission to provide patient care. We hypothesize that increases in service capability (i.e., complexity of operations) will increase overall operating costs. At the departmental level, we expect variations in service capability to have a greater cost impact in departments that are closer to the patient. We examine these issues using 1986 data from 154 acute†care hospitals. We disaggregate total operating costs into 18 pools that together account for 84 percent of all operating costs. We find that models with aggregate drivers explain about 90 percent of the variance in overall hospital costs. Complexity is found to be a significant determinant of overall operating costs. At the departmental level, models with department†specific drivers dominate models that employ aggregate drivers. We find that approximately 45 percent of hospital operating costs are significantly associated with the complexity of care provided. There is only limited support for the claim that the effect of the complexity of care provided on operating costs increases as the extent of a department's direct contact with the patient increases. Hence, although our results suggest that the complexity of care should be accounted for in any cost allocation and reimbursement scheme, they also suggest that finding the “right†level of adjustment is a difficult task because complexity differentially affects costs in the various departments. Résumé. Les auteurs examinent les variations observées dans la relation entre le niveau de la capacité de service d'un hôpital, d'une part, et les coûts d'exploitation de ses services et de ses activités (chirurgie, laboratoire, blanchisserie, par exemple), d'autre part. Dans le modèle qu'ils proposent, l'hôpital est une organisation de services concentriques reliés entre eux et qui s'articulent autour d'une mission principale, celle de la prestation de soins aux patients. Ils posent l'hypothèse selon laquelle l'augmentation de la capacité de service (c'est†à †dire de la complexité de l'exploitation) entraîne une hausse des coûts d'exploitation globaux. À l'échelon des services, les variations dans la capacité de service devraient, selon les auteurs, avoir une incidence plus marquée sur les coûts des services qui sont plus près des patients. Ces questions sont analysées à l'aide de données de 1986 relatives à 154 hôpitaux de soins actifs. Les auteurs procèdent à la désagrégation des coûts totaux d'exploitation en 18 groupes de coûts qui, ensemble, représentent 84 pour cent du total des coûts d'exploitation. Ils constatent que les modèles dont les inducteurs de volume sont agrégés expliquent environ 90 pour cent de l'écart dans les coûts globaux des hôpitaux. La complexité, concluent†ils, est un déterminant majeur des coûts globaux d'exploitation. À l'échelon des services, les modèles dont les inducteurs de volume sont propres aux services ont préséance sur les modèles qui font appel à des inducteurs agrégés. Les auteurs constatent qu'environ 45 pour cent des coûts d'exploitation des hôpitaux présentent un lien marqué avec la complexité des soins dispensés. L'affirmation selon laquelle l'incidence de la complexité des soins dispensés sur les coûts d'exploitation augmente avec l'intensité du contact du service avec les patients n'est que faiblement étayée. En conséquence, bien que les résultats obtenus par les auteurs donnent à penser que la complexité des soins doit être prise en compte dans tout plan de répartition et de remboursement des coûts, ces résultats indiquent également que la détermination du niveau approprié d'ajustement est une tâche difficile, étant donné que l'influence de la complexité sur les coûts varie selon les services.

Suggested Citation

  • Ramji Balakrishnan & Thomas Gruca & Deepika Nath, 1996. "The Effect of Service Capability on Operating Costs: An Empirical Study of Ontario Hospitals," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 13(1), pages 177-207, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:13:y:1996:i:1:p:177-207
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1911-3846.1996.tb00497.x
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    5. Vita, Michael G., 1990. "Exploring hospital production relationships with flexible functional forms," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 9(1), pages 1-21, June.
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    1. Shuguang Lin & Paul Rouse & Fan Zhang & Ying‐Ming Wang, 2021. "Measuring work complexity for acute care services," International Journal of Health Planning and Management, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(6), pages 2199-2214, November.
    2. Ernst, Chris & Rouse, Paul, 2016. "Complexity, Tertiariness and Healthcare: Unresolved Issues of Reimbursement and Incentives," Die Unternehmung - Swiss Journal of Business Research and Practice, Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, vol. 70(3), pages 227-247.

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