IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/vrs/ecobur/v12y2026i1p159-182n1006.html

From digital mining to market prices: An empirical analysis of the relationship between energy consumption and price dynamics of Bitcoin and Ether

Author

Listed:
  • Sezal Levent

    (Vocational School of Social Sciences, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü Imam University, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye)

Abstract

This study compares the relationships between Bitcoin and Ethereum’s energy consumption and price dynamics. Using daily frequency data, Augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF), Phillips–Perron (PP), ARDL cointegration tests, and Toda–Yamamoto causality analysis were applied to evaluate the effects of cryptocurrency markets on energy demand from both short-term and long-term perspectives. The results indicate that there is a long-term cointegration relationship between energy consumption and prices for Bitcoin, and also unidirectional causality from prices to energy consumption. In contrast, ARDL boundary test results for Ethereum revealed no long-term relationship, and causality analysis also failed to detect any directional causality between price and energy consumption. This indicates that with Ethereum’s transition to a Proof-of-Stake mechanism, energy consumption has become independent of price movements. The findings reveal that the effects of crypto-currency markets on the energy economy vary according to technology-specific structural characteristics.

Suggested Citation

  • Sezal Levent, 2026. "From digital mining to market prices: An empirical analysis of the relationship between energy consumption and price dynamics of Bitcoin and Ether," Economics and Business Review, Sciendo, vol. 12(1), pages 159-182.
    • Handle: RePEc:vrs:ecobur:v:12:y:2026:i:1:p:159-182:n:1006
    DOI: 10.18559/ebr.2026.1.2793
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.18559/ebr.2026.1.2793
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.18559/ebr.2026.1.2793?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. M. Hashem Pesaran & Yongcheol Shin & Richard J. Smith, 2001. "Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(3), pages 289-326.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Karasoy, Alper, 2022. "Is innovative technology a solution to Japan's long-run energy insecurity? Dynamic evidence from the linear and nonlinear methods," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    2. Bruce Morley, 2009. "A Comparison of Two Alternative Monetary Approaches to Exchange Rate Determination over the Long-Run," International Econometric Review (IER), Economic Research Association, vol. 1(2), pages 63-76, September.
    3. Villanthenkodath, Muhammed Ashiq & Mahalik, Mantu Kumar, 2021. "Does economic growth respond to electricity consumption asymmetrically in Bangladesh? The implication for environmental sustainability," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
    4. Bloch, Harry & Rafiq, Shuddhasattwa & Salim, Ruhul, 2015. "Economic growth with coal, oil and renewable energy consumption in China: Prospects for fuel substitution," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 104-115.
    5. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Hoang, Thi Hong Van & Mahalik, Mantu Kumar & Roubaud, David, 2017. "Energy consumption, financial development and economic growth in India: New evidence from a nonlinear and asymmetric analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 199-212.
    6. Noraida, A.W. & Abdul-Rahim, A.S. & Othman, Mohd, 2017. "The Impact of Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) Practices on Primary Timber-Based Production in Peninsular Malaysia," Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, vol. 51(2), pages 143-154.
    7. Georgios Bertsatos & Plutarchos Sakellaris & Mike G. Tsionas, 2022. "Correction to: Extensions of the Pesaran, Shin and Smith (2001) bounds testing procedure," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 62(2), pages 635-635, February.
    8. Md.Yousuf & Raju Ahmed & Nasrin Akther Lubna & Shah Md. Sumon, 2019. "Estimating the Services Sector Impact on Economic Growth of Bangladesh: An Econometric Investigation," Asian Journal of Economic Modelling, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 7(2), pages 62-72, June.
    9. Nisamudheen, P.P. & Shareef, K. Hassan, 2025. "The role of human capital in driving renewable energy and sustainable development in India," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    10. Nasreen, Samia & Anwar, Sofia & Ozturk, Ilhan, 2017. "Financial stability, energy consumption and environmental quality: Evidence from South Asian economies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 1105-1122.
    11. Muhammad Shafiullah & Ravinthirakumaran Navaratnam, 2016. "Do Bangladesh and Sri Lanka Enjoy Export-Led Growth? A Comparison of Two Small South Asian Economies," South Asia Economic Journal, Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka, vol. 17(1), pages 114-132, March.
    12. Md. Saiful Islam, 2025. "Linking green innovation to environmental quality in Saudi Arabia: an application of the NARDL approach," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 27(8), pages 19741-19762, August.
    13. Shuyang Chen, 2021. "The Urbanisation Impacts on the Policy Effects of the Carbon Tax in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-11, June.
    14. Boukraine, Wissem, 2020. "The finance-inequality nexus in the BRICS countries: evidence from an ARDL bound testing approach," MPRA Paper 101976, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Garrod Brian & Almeida António & Machado Luiz, 2023. "Modelling of nonlinear asymmetric effects of changes in tourism on economic growth in an autonomous small-island economy," European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation, Sciendo, vol. 13(2), pages 154-172, December.
    16. Ngoo Yee Ting & Loi Siew Ling, 2011. "Okun’S Law In Malaysia: An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (Ardl) Approach With Hodrick-Prescott (Hp) Filter," Journal of Global Business and Economics, Global Research Agency, vol. 2(1), pages 95-103, January.
    17. Zheng, Li & Abbasi, Kashif Raza & Salem, Sultan & Irfan, Muhammad & Alvarado, Rafael & Lv, Kangjuan, 2022. "How technological innovation and institutional quality affect sectoral energy consumption in Pakistan? Fresh policy insights from novel econometric approach," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
    18. Birendra Bahadur Budha, 2013. "Demand for Money in Nepal: An ARDL Bounds Testing Approach," NRB Economic Review, Nepal Rastra Bank, Economic Research Department, vol. 25(1), pages 21-36, April.
    19. Zahoor Ahmed & Michael Cary & Sajid Ali & Muntasir Murshed & Hamid Ullah & Haider Mahmood, 2022. "Moving toward a green revolution in Japan: Symmetric and asymmetric relationships among clean energy technology development investments, economic growth, and CO2 emissions," Energy & Environment, , vol. 33(7), pages 1417-1440, November.
    20. Egbichi Comfort & Abuh Ojamaliya & Okafor Victoria & Godwin Abigail & Adedoyin Oluwapelumi, 2018. "Dynamic Impact of Energy Consumption on the Growth of Nigeria Economy (1986-2016): Evidence from Symmetrical Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 8(2), pages 188-195.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models
    • C58 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Financial Econometrics
    • Q55 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Technological Innovation

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:vrs:ecobur:v:12:y:2026:i:1:p:159-182:n:1006. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Peter Golla (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://reference-global.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.