IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/tpr/asiaec/v21y2022i1p1-28.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Unconventional Monetary Policy through Open Market Operations: A Principal Component Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Markus Heckel

    (German Institute for Japanese Studies 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0094, Japan)

  • Kiyohiko G. Nishimura

    (National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies 7-22-1 Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-8677, Japan)

Abstract

This paper examines the unconventional monetary policies of the Bank of Japan from 2002 to 2019 with a focus on open market operations. We apply a principal component analysis to investigate the complexity of monetary policy. Our results identify four principal components that explain the variance of measures taken by the Bank of Japan and its operations of various facilities: asset purchase measures including Japanese Government Bonds (JGBs), Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs), Japanese Real Estate Investment Trusts (J-REITs), and three different liquidity supply measures. Complexity differs substantially among different governorships of Fukui, Shirakawa (most complex), and Kuroda. We derive some conclusions from the increased complexity with implications for the economy.

Suggested Citation

  • Markus Heckel & Kiyohiko G. Nishimura, 2022. "Unconventional Monetary Policy through Open Market Operations: A Principal Component Analysis," Asian Economic Papers, MIT Press, vol. 21(1), pages 1-28, Winter/Sp.
    • Handle: RePEc:tpr:asiaec:v:21:y:2022:i:1:p:1-28
    DOI: 10.1162/asep_a_00842
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00842
    Download Restriction: Access to PDF is restricted to subscribers.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1162/asep_a_00842?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Stefania D’Amico & William English & David López‐Salido & Edward Nelson, 2012. "The Federal Reserve's Large‐scale Asset Purchase Programmes: Rationale and Effects," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 122(564), pages 415-446, November.
    2. Angelopoulou, Eleni & Balfoussia, Hiona & Gibson, Heather D., 2014. "Building a financial conditions index for the euro area and selected euro area countries: What does it tell us about the crisis?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 392-403.
    3. Stephen G. Cecchetti & Piti Disyatat, 2010. "Central bank tools and liquidity shortages," Economic Policy Review, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, vol. 16(Aug), pages 29-42.
    4. Dick van Dijk & Robin L. Lumsdaine & Michel van der Wel, 2016. "Market Set‐up in Advance of Federal Reserve Policy Rate Decisions," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 0(592), pages 618-653, May.
    5. Marcel Fratzscher & Marco Lo Duca & Roland Straub, 2016. "ECB Unconventional Monetary Policy: Market Impact and International Spillovers," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 64(1), pages 36-74, May.
    6. Kiyohiko G. Nishimura, 2010. "Financial System Stability and Market Confidence," Asian Economic Papers, MIT Press, vol. 9(1), pages 25-47, Winter/Sp.
    7. Nick McLaren & Ryan N. Banerjee & David Latto, 2014. "Using Changes in Auction Maturity Sectors to Help Identify the Impact of QE on Gilt Yields," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 0(576), pages 453-479, May.
    8. Kentaro Iwatsubo & Tomoki Taishi, 2018. "Quantitative Easing and Liquidity in the Japanese Government Bond Market," International Review of Finance, International Review of Finance Ltd., vol. 18(3), pages 463-475, September.
    9. Markus Heckel & Kiyohiko G. Nishimura, 2020. "Unconventional Monetary Policy through Open Market Operations: A Principal Component Analysis," CARF F-Series CARF-F-501, Center for Advanced Research in Finance, Faculty of Economics, The University of Tokyo.
    10. Kazuo Ueda, 2012. "The Effectiveness Of Non‐Traditional Monetary Policy Measures: The Case Of The Bank Of Japan," The Japanese Economic Review, Japanese Economic Association, vol. 63(1), pages 1-22, March.
    11. Coenen, Günter & Ehrmann, Michael & Gaballo, Gaetano & Hoffmann, Peter & Nakov, Anton & Nardelli, Stefano & Persson, Eric & Strasser, Georg H., 2017. "Communication of monetary policy in unconventional times," CFS Working Paper Series 578, Center for Financial Studies (CFS).
    12. Hammermann, Felix & Leonard, Kieran & Nardelli, Stefano & von Landesberger, Julian, 2019. "Taking stock of the Eurosystem’s asset purchase programme after the end of net asset purchases," Economic Bulletin Articles, European Central Bank, vol. 2.
    13. De Santis, Roberto A., 2020. "Impact of the Asset Purchase Programme on euro area government bond yields using market news," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 192-209.
    14. George Kapetanios & Haroon Mumtaz & Ibrahim Stevens & Konstantinos Theodoridis, 2012. "Assessing the Economy‐wide Effects of Quantitative Easing," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 122(564), pages 316-347, November.
    15. Joshua K. Hausman & Johannes F. Wieland, 2015. "Overcoming the Lost Decades? Abenomics after Three Years," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 46(2 (Fall)), pages 385-431.
    16. Bank for International Settlements, 2019. "Unconventional monetary policy tools: a cross-country analysis," CGFS Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 63, december.
    17. Edda Claus & Iris Claus & Leo Krippner, 2016. "Monetary Policy Spillovers across the Pacific when Interest Rates Are at the Zero Lower Bound," Asian Economic Papers, MIT Press, vol. 15(3), pages 1-27, Fall.
    18. Paul De Grauwe, 2013. "The European Central Bank as Lender of Last Resort in the Government Bond Markets," CESifo Economic Studies, CESifo Group, vol. 59(3), pages 520-535, September.
    19. Carlo Altavilla & Giacomo Carboni & Roberto Motto, 2021. "Asset Purchase Programs and Financial Markets: Lessons from the Euro Area," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 17(70), pages 1-48, October.
    20. Kiyohiko G. Nishimura, 2007. "The New Policy Framework of the Bank of Japan: Central Banking in an Uncertain World," Asian Economic Papers, MIT Press, vol. 6(3), pages 132-143, Fall.
    21. Viral V. Acharya & Denis Gromb & Tanju Yorulmazer, 2012. "Imperfect Competition in the Interbank Market for Liquidity as a Rationale for Central Banking," American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, American Economic Association, vol. 4(2), pages 184-217, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Markus Heckel & Kiyohiko G. Nishimura, 2020. "Unconventional Monetary Policy through Open Market Operations: A Principal Component Analysis," CARF F-Series CARF-F-501, Center for Advanced Research in Finance, Faculty of Economics, The University of Tokyo.
    2. Bank for International Settlements, 2019. "Unconventional monetary policy tools: a cross-country analysis," CGFS Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 63, december.
    3. Grahame Johnson & Sharon Kozicki & Romanos Priftis & Lena Suchanek & Jonathan Witmer & Jing Yang, 2020. "Implementation and Effectiveness of Extended Monetary Policy Tools: Lessons from the Literature," Discussion Papers 2020-16, Bank of Canada.
    4. Urbschat, Florian & Watzka, Sebastian, 2020. "Quantitative easing in the Euro Area – An event study approach," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 14-36.
    5. Claudio Borio & Anna Zabai, 2018. "Unconventional monetary policies: a re-appraisal," Chapters, in: Peter Conti-Brown & Rosa M. Lastra (ed.), Research Handbook on Central Banking, chapter 20, pages 398-444, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    6. De Santis, Roberto A. & Stein, Michael, 2016. "Correlation changes between the risk-free rate and sovereign yields of euro area countries," Working Paper Series 1979, European Central Bank.
    7. De Santis, Roberto A. & Holm-Hadulla, Fédéric, 2017. "Flow effects of central bank asset purchases on euro area sovereign bond yields: evidence from a natural experiment," Working Paper Series 2052, European Central Bank.
    8. Gnewuch, Matthias, 2022. "Spillover effects of sovereign debt-based quantitative easing in the euro area," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    9. Martijn Boermans & Viacheslav Keshkov, 2018. "The impact of the ECB asset purchases on the European bond market structure: Granular evidence on ownership concentration," DNB Working Papers 590, Netherlands Central Bank, Research Department.
    10. Gambetti, Luca & Musso, Alberto, 2020. "The effects of the ECB’s expanded asset purchase programme," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 130(C).
    11. Hartmann, Philipp & Smets, Frank, 2018. "The first twenty years of the European Central Bank: monetary policy," Working Paper Series 2219, European Central Bank.
    12. Maciej Stefański, 2021. "Macroeconomic Effects of Quantitative Easing Using Mid-sized Bayesian Vector Autoregressions," KAE Working Papers 2021-068, Warsaw School of Economics, Collegium of Economic Analysis.
    13. Philipp Hartman & Frank Smets, 2018. "The European Central Bank’s Monetary Policy during Its First 20 Years," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 49(2 (Fall)), pages 1-146.
    14. Cezar, Rafael & Silvestrini, Maéva, 2021. "Impact of the ECB Quantitative Easing on the International Investment Position," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 241-263.
    15. De Santis, Roberto A., 2020. "Impact of the Asset Purchase Programme on euro area government bond yields using market news," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 192-209.
    16. Bernhard, Severin & Ebner, Till, 2017. "Cross-border spillover effects of unconventional monetary policies on Swiss asset prices," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 109-127.
    17. Nektarios A. Michail & Kyriaki G. LouKa, 2023. "The inefficiency of Quantitative Easing in the Euro Area," Working Papers 2023-3, Central Bank of Cyprus.
    18. Hohberger, Stefan & Priftis, Romanos & Vogel, Lukas, 2019. "The macroeconomic effects of quantitative easing in the euro area: Evidence from an estimated DSGE model," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
    19. Havlik, Annika & Heinemann, Friedrich & Helbig, Samuel & Nover, Justus, 2022. "Dispelling the shadow of fiscal dominance? Fiscal and monetary announcement effects for euro area sovereign spreads in the corona pandemic," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
    20. Loriana Pelizzon & Matteo Sottocornola, 2016. "The Impact of the Monetary Policy Interventions on the Insurance Industry," EIOPA Financial Stability Report - Thematic Articles 8, EIOPA, Risks and Financial Stability Department.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:tpr:asiaec:v:21:y:2022:i:1:p:1-28. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Kelly McDougall (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://direct.mit.edu/journals .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.