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Self-employment and time stress: the effect of leisure quality

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  • Jose Ignacio Gimenez-Nadal
  • Raquel Ortega-Lapiedra

Abstract

Levels of time stress have increased markedly over the last 30 years, affecting well-being. Self-employment is viewed as allowing the individual greater autonomy and more flexible hours, which may reduce time stress. This article analyses time stress of the self-employed, compared to the employed, using the Spanish Time Use Survey (2002/03) finding that, when objective indicators of time allocation are included, being self-employed increases the time stress perceived by men, with our interpretation being based on the notion that not only the quantity but also the quality of leisure matters.

Suggested Citation

  • Jose Ignacio Gimenez-Nadal & Raquel Ortega-Lapiedra, 2010. "Self-employment and time stress: the effect of leisure quality," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(17), pages 1735-1738.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:apeclt:v:17:y:2010:i:17:p:1735-1738
    DOI: 10.1080/13504850903266791
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Spencer, Jennifer W. & Gomez, Carolina, 2004. "The relationship among national institutional structures, economic factors, and domestic entrepreneurial activity: a multicountry study," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 57(10), pages 1098-1107, October.
    2. Daniel S. Hamermesh & Jungmin Lee, 2007. "Stressed Out on Four Continents: Time Crunch or Yuppie Kvetch?," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 89(2), pages 374-383, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Calvo, Elena, 2021. "Commuting y autoempleo en Países Bajos [Commuting and self-employment in Netherlands]," MPRA Paper 107322, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Palacios, Saúl, 2021. "Desplazamientos y autoempleo en Francia: diferencias por género [Commuting y self-employment in France: gender differences]," MPRA Paper 106555, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Caudevilla Biota, Eva, 2022. "Tiempo de desplazamientos hogar-trabajo en Bélgica: diferencias entre asalariados y autónomos [Home-work commuting time in Belgium: differences between employees and self-employed persons]," MPRA Paper 111457, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Campaña, Juan Carlos & Gimenez-Nadal, J. Ignacio & Molina, Jose Alberto, 2016. "Diferencias entre auto-empleados y asalariados en los usos del tiempo: Aragón vs. Spain [Differences between self-employees and wage-earners in time uses: Aragon vs. Spain]," MPRA Paper 71463, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Ricardo Pagán-Rodríguez, 2013. "Being Under Time Pressure: The Case of Workers with Disabilities," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 114(3), pages 831-840, December.
    6. J. Gimenez-Nadal & Jose Molina, 2014. "Regional unemployment, gender, and time allocation of the unemployed," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 12(1), pages 105-127, March.
    7. Gutierrez-Lythgoe, Antonio, 2023. "Autoempleo y Machine Learning: Una aplicación para España [Self-employment and Machine Learning: An application for Spain]," MPRA Paper 117275, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Lasierra, Jose Manuel, 2018. "Self-Employment and the Economic Cycle in Spain," MPRA Paper 89593, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Lozano, Javier, 2021. "Commuting y auto-empleo en Italia: diferencias por género y localización geográfica [Commuting and self employment in Italy: gender differences and geographical locations]," MPRA Paper 106279, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Jos� Ignacio Gimenez-Nadal & Jos� Alberto Molina & Raquel Ortega, 2010. "Unemployment and Time Use: Evidence from the Spanish Time Use Survey," Documentos de Trabajo dt2010-02, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Universidad de Zaragoza.
    11. Bhuvanachithra Chidambaram & Joachim Scheiner, 2021. "Leisure Quality among German Parents—Exploring Urbanity, Mobility, and Partner Interaction as Determinants," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-20, May.
    12. Soondool Chung & Eunjin Lee, 2017. "Patterns of Time Use Across the Life Span in Korea: A Latent Class Analysis and Age and Gender Differences," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 134(3), pages 1135-1155, December.
    13. Hernández, Jaime, 2021. "Tiempo de desplazamiento al puesto laboral y relación con los empleados autónomos: el caso de las mujeres trabajadoras alemanas [Commuting time and relationship with self-employed: the case of Germ," MPRA Paper 106040, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    14. Ines Lee & Eileen Tipoe, 2021. "Changes in the quantity and quality of time use during the COVID-19 lockdowns in the UK: Who is the most affected?," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(11), pages 1-17, November.
    15. Liat Raz-Yurovich, 2022. "Leisure: Definitions, Trends, and Policy Implications," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 41(3), pages 981-1019, June.
    16. Claver, Raúl, 2021. "Determinantes del tiempo de desplazamiento al trabajo en la población femenina auto-empleada de Dinamarca [Pattern of Commuting time of female self-worked population in Denmark]," MPRA Paper 106373, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    17. Kwang-Hi Park & Hyunlye Kim & Suin Park, 2021. "Leisure Factors Predicting the Happiness of Self-Employed Workers in South Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-11, September.
    18. Almudena Sevilla & Jose Gimenez-Nadal & Jonathan Gershuny, 2012. "Leisure Inequality in the United States: 1965–2003," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 49(3), pages 939-964, August.
    19. J. Ignacio, Giménez-Nadal & Ignacio, De la Fuente, 2020. "Asalariados versus autoempleados: Diferencias en el uso del tiempo entre España y Aragón [Employed versus self-employed: Time use differences between Spain and Aragon]," MPRA Paper 105181, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    20. Shin, Eun Jin, 2019. "Self-employment and travel behavior: A case study of workers in central Puget Sound," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 101-112.
    21. Oliete Peirona, Natalia, 2021. "Tiempos de desplazamiento hogar-trabajo en Austria [Home-work commuting times in Austria]," MPRA Paper 106819, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    22. Belloc, Ignacio, 2021. "El tiempo de desplazamiento al lugar de trabajo en el Reino Unido: Diferencias entre asalariados y autoempleados [Commuting time in the United Kingdom: Differences between wage-earners and self-emp," MPRA Paper 108260, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    23. Margalejo Hernández, Cristina, 2021. "Commuting y autoempleo en Luxemburgo [Commuting and self-employment in Luxemburgo]," MPRA Paper 106183, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    24. Oliva, Andres, 2021. "Estimación del tiempo de desplazamiento al trabajo para los trabajadores portugueses: diferencias entre autoempleados y asalariados [Estimation of commuting time for Portuguese workers: differences," MPRA Paper 107176, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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