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Herausforderungen und Entwicklungsperspektiven des Steuersystems
[Challenges and Development Perspectives of the Tax System]

Author

Listed:
  • Rainer Niemann

    (Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz)

  • Ulrich Schreiber

    (Universität Mannheim)

Abstract

Zusammenfassung Wir gehen von den großen ökonomischen und gesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen Digitalisierung, ökonomische Ungleichheit und Klimawandel aus und untersuchen daraus resultierende Entwicklungsperspektiven für die Steuersysteme Deutschlands und Österreichs. Die Digitalisierung erschwert die Besteuerung wegen abnehmender physischer Präsenz und zunehmender internationaler Mobilität der Steuerbasen. Da Arbeitseinkommen international wenig mobil sind, werden Steuern auf Arbeitseinkommen ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der beiden Steuersysteme bleiben. Auch die Umsatzsteuer, die den international kaum mobilen lokalen Konsum trifft, wird ihre Bedeutung behalten. Dagegen werden Steuern, welche international mobile Unternehmensgewinne treffen, an Bedeutung verlieren, solange der Steuerwettbewerb nicht wirksam durch internationale Kooperation eingedämmt wird. Die Besteuerung der Gewinne sollte deshalb stärker auf die weitgehend immobilen, letztbegünstigten natürlichen Personen ausgerichtet sein. Zur steuerlichen Korrektur ökonomischer Ungleichheit ist die Vermögensteuer vor allem wegen der internationalen Ausweichmöglichkeiten und der hohen Erhebungs- und Befolgungskosten wenig geeignet. Hier bietet sich eher die Erbschaft- und Schenkungsteuer an; die Verschonung von Unternehmensvermögen ist damit aber nicht zu vereinbaren. Sofern die Besteuerung dem Klimaschutz dienen soll, ist eine einheitliche globale Steuer auf CO2 erforderlich, deren Höhe sich nach der zu erreichenden Emissionsminderung richtet. Da es auf kurze und mittlere Sicht schwer ist, Umweltsteuern auszuweichen, sind deren Verteilungswirkungen zu beachten.

Suggested Citation

  • Rainer Niemann & Ulrich Schreiber, 2020. "Herausforderungen und Entwicklungsperspektiven des Steuersystems [Challenges and Development Perspectives of the Tax System]," Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research, Springer, vol. 72(1), pages 1-48, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:sjobre:v:72:y:2020:i:1:d:10.1007_s41471-020-00083-4
    DOI: 10.1007/s41471-020-00083-4
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