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Coasts: the high-risk areas of the world

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  • Wolfgang Kron

Abstract

No other region is more threatened by natural perils than coasts. Fierce winds, storm surges, large waves and tsunamis expend their destructive energy when they reach the coastline. Constituting, in many cases, the boundary between continental plates, coasts experience earthquakes and volcanic eruptions more frequently. The changing climate poses the threat of sea level rise. Most global trade crosses the oceans; ports are the entry and exit points of a nation’s trade. As a consequence, coasts attract people, businesses and industries. Some coastal regions rank among the top places in the world in terms of population and value accumulation. Enormous catastrophe loss potentials have been created and are increasing. Risk is the result of a natural hazard, the values at risk and their vulnerability. Living with and reducing the risk requires awareness at all levels of society and partnership between the public authorities, the people and enterprises concerned, and the financial sector. Great natural events are not avoidable, great disasters are. Catastrophes are not only products of chance but also the outcome of the interaction between political, financial, social, technical and natural circumstances. Effective safeguards are both achievable and indispensable, but they will never provide complete protection. In order to manage the risks faced by a society, we have to be aware of that. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2013

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  • Wolfgang Kron, 2013. "Coasts: the high-risk areas of the world," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 66(3), pages 1363-1382, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:66:y:2013:i:3:p:1363-1382
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-012-0215-4
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    1. Barthel, Fabian & Neumayer, Eric, 2010. "Normalizing economic loss from natural disasters: a global analysis," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 37601, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
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    2. Shubham Kumar & Preet Lal & Amit Kumar, 2020. "Turbulence of tropical cyclone ‘Fani’ in the Bay of Bengal and Indian subcontinent," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 103(1), pages 1613-1622, August.
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    4. Jan-Ludolf Merkens & Athanasios T. Vafeidis, 2018. "Using Information on Settlement Patterns to Improve the Spatial Distribution of Population in Coastal Impact Assessments," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-19, September.
    5. Grant Smith & Nover Juria, 2019. "Diagnosis of historical inundation events in the Marshall Islands to assist early warning systems," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 99(1), pages 189-216, October.
    6. Reguero, Borja G. & Beck, Michael W. & Schmid, David & Stadtmüller, Daniel & Raepple, Justus & Schüssele, Stefan & Pfliegner, Kerstin, 2020. "Financing coastal resilience by combining nature-based risk reduction with insurance," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    7. Matthew Wadey & Sally Brown & Robert J. Nicholls & Ivan Haigh, 2017. "Coastal flooding in the Maldives: an assessment of historic events and their implications," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 89(1), pages 131-159, October.
    8. Martins Fernando L.C. & Giordano Fabio & Barrella Walter, 2021. "Socio-Environmental Vulnerability of Water in the Estuary of the Metropolitan Region of Santos (Brazil)," Quaestiones Geographicae, Sciendo, vol. 40(4), pages 113-125, December.
    9. Salvatore F. Pileggi & Marius Indorf & Ayman Nagi & Wolfgang Kersten, 2020. "CoRiMaS—An Ontological Approach to Cooperative Risk Management in Seaports," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-23, June.
    10. Karla Salgado & M. Luisa Martínez & Octavio Pérez-Maqueo & Miguel Equihua & Ismael Mariño-Tapia & Patrick Hesp, 2024. "Estimating storm-related coastal risk in Mexico using Bayesian networks and the occurrence of natural ecosystems," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 120(6), pages 5919-5940, April.
    11. Xinyu Fu & Jie Song, 2017. "Assessing the Economic Costs of Sea Level Rise and Benefits of Coastal Protection: A Spatiotemporal Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-14, August.
    12. Visbeck, Martin & Kronfeld-Goharani, Ulrike & Neumann, Barbara & Rickels, Wilfried & Schmidt, Jörn & van Doorn, Erik & Matz-Lück, Nele & Ott, Konrad & Quaas, Martin F., 2014. "Securing blue wealth: The need for a special sustainable development goal for the ocean and coasts," Marine Policy, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 184-191.
    13. Karen C. Pazini & Jarbas Bonetti & Paula Gomes Silva & Antonio Henrique Fontoura Klein, 2022. "Spotting areas critical to storm waves and surge impacts on coasts with data scarcity: a case study in Santa Catarina, Brazil," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 112(3), pages 2493-2521, July.

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